Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam

Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam
History of Vietnam Map of Vietnam
Hồng Bàng dynasty prior to 257 BC
Thục dynasty 257207 BC
Triệu dynasty 207111 BC
First Chinese domination 111 BC39 AD
Trưng sisters 4043
Second Chinese domination 43544
Early dynasty 544602
Third Chinese domination 602905
Autonomy 905938
Ngô dynasty 939967
Đinh dynasty 968980
Early dynasty 9801009
dynasty 10091225
Trần dynasty 12251400
Hồ dynasty 14001407
Fourth Chinese domination 14071427
Later Trần dynasty 14071413
Later dynasty (Early ) 14281527
Mạc dynasty 15271592
Later dynasty (Restored ) 15331788
Trịnh Lords 15451787
Nguyễn Lords 15581777
Tây Sơn dynasty 17781802
Nguyễn dynasty 18021945
French imperialism 18871954
Partition 19541975
Democratic Republic (North) 19451976
State of Vietnam (South) 19491955
Republic of Vietnam (South) 19551975
Socialist Republic from 1976
Related topics
Champa Dynasties 1921832
List of Vietnamese monarchs
Economic history of Vietnam
Prehistoric cultures of Vietnam
v · d · e

The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the history of Vietnam, from 1407 to 1427 during which the country was ruled by Ming Dynasty administrators.

Contents

Sinicizing the country

Culturally, the Chinese imported many Chinese books and literature (such as the I Ching). Meanwhile, all classical Vietnamese books and materials relating to Vietnam were suppressed. Various ancient sites such as pagoda Bao Minh were looted and destroyed. The Ming Dynasty wanted to spread more of its Chinese culture in the area. Customarily, all Việt people were made to wear Chinese-style clothing.

Taxation and economy

The Chinese had greatly encouraged the development and the use of gold and silver mines. But right after the silver and gold were extracted they impounded them and sent a fraction of these minerals to Beijing. They also imposed salt taxes, but a slightly heavier tax against those who produced salt in Annam.

Military services, and control

To keep the people under control in Vietnam, the Ming government issued, and utilized the "So Ho" system, (literally meaning Family Book) at the lowest village community level. Whenever there was a change in a family, a change in the book was recorded and approved. Based on this information, they created a systematic military service enrollment process for all young men deemed fit enough to serve in the future for the Chinese Imperial Army. This process was no different than what other governments did to subjugated areas, nonetheless, this had created a negative feeling against the Chinese government. In addition, many talented Vietnamese individuals with varying trades and backgrounds who could make significant contributions were allowed to become government officials in China where they served in the Chinese imperial government.

The revolt of the later Trần (1407-1413)

With Ming dynasty growing weak with internal rebellions and mismanagement during late Ming dynasty, control of Annam also weakened, there was several revolt among the Việt people against the Chinese authorities, only to be crushed by the Ming Dynasty army. Among the people who led the rebellion were, Trần Ngỗi, a young son of the emperor Trần Nghệ Tông (13701372) and Trần Quý Khoáng, a nephew. These revolts were short-lived and poorly planned but they helped lay some of the groundwork for Lợi's war for independence.

When Le Loi decided to bring the war into China in 1427, the Chinese forced repulsed the Vietnamese, killing 10,000 of them. Le Mi, the chief eunuch to Le Loi, was killed.[1]

References

  • Viet Nam Su Luoc by Trần Trọng Kim
  • Viet Su Toan Thu of Pham Van Son

See also

Preceded by
Hồ Dynasty
Dynasty of Vietnam
14071427
Succeeded by
Later Dynasty


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