Hmongic languages

Hmongic languages
"Miao languages" redirects here. For those languages spoken by Miao people (most notably the Hmong language(s)), see Miao language.
Hmongic
Miao–Bunu
Geographic
distribution:		 China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and the US.
Linguistic classification: Hmong–Mien
  • Hmongic
Subdivisions:
—

The Hmongic languages (also known as Miao–Bunu or Miao languages) is a language branch including the Miao language (including Hmong, Hmu and Xong) used by Miao people, Pa-Hng, and Greater Bunu languages (including Bunu, Younuo and Jiongnai) used by non-Mien Yao people.

Classification

Hmongic is one of the primary branches of the Hmong–Mien language family, with the other being Mienic. The classification below is from Martha Ratliff (2010:3).[1]

  • Hmongic
    • Pa-Hng
    • (Main branch)
      • Jiongnai language, Ho Ne (She)
      • (Core Hmongic)
        • West Hmongic (Chuan-Qian-Dian, i.e. Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan)
          • Hmong – 1,800,000 speakers
          • A-Hmao – 200,000 speakers in Guizhou and Yunnan
          • Bunu – 258,000 speakers in Guangxi
        • North Hmongic (Xiangxi): includes Qo Xiong – 770,000 speakers mostly in Hunan.
        • East Hmongic (Qiandong): includes Hmu – 1,100,000 speakers in Hunan.

Matisoff 2001 proposed the following, with She left unclassified:

  • Hmongic (Miao)
    • Bunu:
      • Younuo: Younuo
      • Wunai: Wunai
      • Bu-Nao: Pu No, Nao Klao, Nu Mhou, Nunu, Tung Nu
      • Jiongnai: Jiongnai
    • Chuanqiangdian Miao:
      • Ge (Chonganjiang Miao)
      • Hmong Dô
      • Hmong Don
      • Hmong Njua (Green Miao)
      • Central Huishui Maio
      • Central Mashan Miao
      • Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao
      • Eastern Huishui Miao
      • Horned Miao
      • Large Flowery Miao (Northeastern Dian Miao)
      • Luopohe Miao
      • Northern Guiyang Miao
      • Northern Huishui Miao
      • Northern Mashan Miao
      • Small Flowery Miao
      • Southern Guiyang Miao
      • Southern Mashan Miao
      • Southwestern Guiyang Miao
      • Southwestern Huishui Miao
      • Western Mashan Miao
      • White Miao (Hmong Daw)
      • Raojia
      • Sinicized Miao
      • Pa Na
    • Pa-Hng: Pa-Hng
    • Qiandong Miao:
      • Northern Qiandong Miao
      • Eastern Qiandong Miao
      • Southern Qiandong Miao
    • Xiangxi Miao:
      • Western Xiangxi Miao
      • Eastern Xiangxi Miao

References

  1. ^ Ratliff, Martha. 2010. Hmong–Mien language history. Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics.



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