Metapelma archetypon

Metapelma archetypon Temporal range: Early Eocene PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Eupelmidae
Genus:	Metapelma
Species:	†M. archetypon Gibson, 2009

Metapelma archetypon is an extinct species of parasitic wasp in the Eupelmidae genus Metapelma.^[1] The species is solely known from the Early Eocene^[2] Baltic amber deposits in the Baltic Sea region of Europe.^[1] Of the thirty seven described species in the genus Metapelma, M. archetypon is the only species known from the fossil record.^[1]

History and classification

Metapelma archetypon is known only from one fossil, the holotype, number "AMNH BaJWJ-407", which is a single female specimen preserved, along with a spider, in a nearly rectangular amber block 13 by 11 millimetres (0.51 by 0.43 in) in size. The block is currently residing in the American Museum of Natural History paleoentomology collections in New York City, USA.^[1] M. archetypon was first studied by Gary A. P. Gibson with his 2009 type description being published in the journal ZooKeys.^[1] The specific epithet "archetypon" was designated by Gary Gibson from the Greek ἀρχέτυπον (archetypon) which translates as "original" or "model". This is in reference to the similarity of the head and hind leg structure similarity between the extinct and extant species.^[1]

Description

The holotype of Metapelma archetypon is 7.7 millimetres (0.30 in) in length when the ovipositor is excluded. Several areas of the female are obscured or missing, with the dorsal mesosomal and part of the gastral structures covered by a white substance. The termial sections of both antenna and three of the legs are missing and both hind tarsi have the apical three segments detached but still present. Also missing is the terminal section of the ovipositor sheaths.^[1] The forewings are hyaline in coloration. While M. archetypon has a deeply divided upper and lower mesepimeron separating the acropleuron and metapleuron, a feature found only in Metapelma, the shapes of the hind legs and head are closer to the general morphology of the subfamily Neanastatinae. The basal Neanastatinae groundplan is thought to have been modified in the modern genera in the subfamily. Although not confirmed shape of the ovipositor and relationship in the genus Metapelma suggests M. archetypon was parasitic on wood-boring beetles.^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Gary A. P. Gibson (2009). "Description of three new genera and four new species of Neanastatinae (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of their relationships to extant taxa". ZooKeys 20: 161. doi:10.3897/zookeys.20.161. http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/article/view/161. 
2. ^ Alexander P. Wolfe, Ralf Tappert, Karlis Muehlenbachs, Marc Boudreau, Ryan C. McKellar, James F. Basinger & Amber Garrett (2009). "A new proposal concerning the botanical origin of Baltic amber" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 (1672): 3403–3412. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0806. PMC 2817186. PMID 19570786. http://faculty.eas.ualberta.ca/wolfe/eprints/Amber_ProcRSocB-2009.pdf.