Maurycy Orzech

Part of a series of articles on the Jewish Labour Bund אַלגעמײַנער ײדישער אַרבעטער בּונד אין ליטע פוילין און רוסלאַנד 1890s to World War I Russia · Austria-Hungary Interwar years and World War II Belarus · Latvia · Lithuania · Poland · Romania · Soviet Union After 1945 International Jewish Labor Bund Branches: Australia · France · Israel · United Kingdom People Victor Alter · Henryk Ehrlich · Esther Frumkin · Arkadi Kremer · Pati Kremer  · Mikhail Liber · Vladimir Medem · Noah Meisel · Anna Rozental · Szmul Zygielbojm Press Arbeiter Fragen · Arbeiterstimme · Der yidisher arbeyter · Folkstsaytung · Lodzer veker Associated organisations Klain Bund · Kultur Lige · Morgnshtern · S.K.I.F. · Tsukunft · Tsukunft shturem Splinter groups Communist Bund (Poland) · Communist Bund (Russia) · Communist Bund (Ukraine) · Komtsukunft Categories Bundism · Jewish history · Socialist parties v · d · e

Maurycy Orzech (Polish pronunciation: [mauˈrɨt͡sɨ ˈɔʐɛx]; nom de guerre: Janczyn^[1]; 1891 – August 1943, Warsaw) was a Polish-Jewish economist, journalist, politician and a leader of the Jewish Bund in interwar Poland. He was one of the commanders of the Bund during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Interwar Poland

Orzech joined the Bund in 1907 and was in charge of the party's newspaper, Forverts. In the late 1920's he served as chairman of the Bund-founded Socialist Association of Artisans of the Republic of Poland ("Socialist Artisans").^[2] Orzech was also member of the Bund affiliated Morgnshtern sports organization.^[3] He owned a textile manufacturing factory, "Bazar Orzecha" which was very profitable.^[4] Orzech used money from his business to finance the Yiddish newspaper Folkstsaytung, of which he was also an editor.^[4]

World War II

After the Nazi invasion of Poland he tried, with help from the British embassy to escape on a ship to Sweden.^[5] However, he was arrested by the Germans and imprisoned in Berlin. Later, he was transferred to the Warsaw Ghetto. In the ghetto he worked for the charitable organization Joint.^[6] He also worked on the production of underground newspapers, including the Bundist Der Verker. In April of 1942 the Germans began mass executions in the ghetto, supposedly as a way of combating underground literature. Orzech was summoned by Judenrat president Adam Czerniaków and asked that the Bund cease circulating its illegal newspapers. ^[7] However, Orzech correctly surmised that the newspapers were just an excuse and that the mass executions were simply the first step in total extermination of Warsaw's Jews. The Bund refused Czerniaków's request.^[7] Orzech also wrote bulletins and proclamations to the residents of the ghetto not to trust the Germans and not to volunteer for supposed "labor in Germany" from the Umschlagplatz (which was in fact a collection point for deportation to the Treblinka extermination camp)^[7]

Most likely he was one of the organizers of the Antifascist Block (a group representing leftist Zionist and secular Jewish groups) and served as the Bund's representative at its conferences. Generally, Orzech saw the struggle of Poles and Jews against the German occupants as one and the same and favored the merger of Jewish resistance into Polish resistance.^[8] He, along with Leon Feiner, wrote the telegram which informed the Bundist member of the Polish government in Exile, Szmul Zygielbojm, about the outbreak of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.^[1]

Death

In 1943, after the fall of the Ghetto Uprising, he escaped the ghetto but was eventually arrested by the Gestapo and murdered. According to some sources he was arrested during an attempt to cross the Romanian border, brought back to Warsaw where was placed in Pawiak prison and killed in August of 1943.^[7]

See also

• Bernard Goldstein
• List of Poles

References

1. ^ ^{a b} David Cesarani, Sarah Kavanaugh, Holocaust: critical concepts in historical studies, Volume 4, Routledge, 2004, pg. 312, [1]
2. ^ Joseph Marcus, "Social and political history of the Jews in Poland, 1919-1939", Walter de Gruyter, 1983, pg. 134, [2]
3. ^ Jack Jacobs, The Yivo Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, "Sport: An Overview", 2005, [3]
4. ^ ^{a b} Marian Fuks, "Dwudziestolecie międzywojenne: od „5 Rano” do popołudnia", Rzeczpospolita, 27-10-2008, [4]
5. ^ Samuel D. Kassow, "Who Will Write Our History?: Rediscovering a Hidden Archive from the Warsaw", Random House, Inc., 2009, pg. 113, [5]
6. ^ Samuel D. Kassow, "Who Will Write Our History?: Rediscovering a Hidden Archive from the Warsaw", Random House, Inc., 2009, pg. 119 and pg. 426, [6]
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Bernard Goldstein, "Five years in the Warsaw Ghetto: (The stars bear witness)", AK Press, 2005, pg. 89,96, 153 [7]
8. ^ Śārā Bender, "The Jews of Bialystok During World War II and the Holocaust", UPNE, 2008, pg. 179, [8]

External links

• warszawa.getto.pl

Persondata
Name	Orzech, Maurycy
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1891
Place of birth
Date of death	1943
Place of death