Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols

Shortcut: WP:MATHSYMBOL

This page is a quick reference for the "standard" mathematical symbols in HTML that should work on most browsers, and is intended mainly for people editing mathematical articles on Wikipedia.

• Numbers: ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾
• Fractions:½ ⅓ 7⁄9 {{Fraction|1|2}} {{Fraction|1|3}} {{Fraction|7|9}}
• Font size: x x   <big>x</big> <small>x</small>
• Underline text   underline overline  <u> underline </u> {{overline|overline}}
• Strikeout text   strikeout   <s> strikeout </s>
• Font: italics  bold  — ''italics''   '''bold'''

General font specification: Φ (A)   <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size:100%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;"> Φ (A) </span>;

• Superscripts/subscripts: x² x₃ x2
  1  x² x₃ x{{su|p=2|b=1}};
• Analysis: ƒ ∂ ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ∞ ∇ ℘ ℑ ℜ &fnof; &part; &int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &infin; &nabla; &weierp; &image; &real;
• Arrows: ← ↓ → ↑ ↔ ↵ ⇐ ⇓ ⇒ ⇑ ⇔ &larr; &darr; &rarr; &uarr; &harr; &crarr; &lArr; &dArr; &rArr; &uArr; &hArr;
• Logic: ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ &not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall;
• Sets: ∈ ∉ ∋ ∅ ⊆ ⊇ ⊃ ⊂ ⊄ ∪ ∩ ℵ &isin; &notin; &ni; &empty; &sube; &supe; &sup; &sub; &nsub; &cup; &cap; &alefsym;
• Relations: ≠ ≤ ≥ < > ≡ ≢ ∼ ≅ ≈ ∝ &ne; &le; &ge; &lt; &gt; &equiv; &nequiv; &sim; &cong; &asymp; &prop;
• Binary operations: ± − × ÷ ⁄ ⊥ ⊕ ⊗ ∗ &plusmn; &minus; &times; &divide; &frasl; &perp; &oplus; &otimes; &lowast;
• Delimiters: ⌈ ⌉ ⌊ ⌋ 〈 〉 « » &lceil; &rceil; &lfloor;&rfloor; &lang; &rang; &laquo; &raquo;
• Miscellaneous: † ¦ ∠ ∴ ◊ • ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ &dagger; &brvbar; &ang; &there4; &loz; &bull; &spades; &clubs; &hearts; &diams;
• Punctuation: ′ ″ ‾ ° ⋅ · … – — ˆ &prime; &Prime; &oline; &deg; &sdot; &middot; &hellip; &ndash; &mdash; &circ;
• Spacing: thin ( ), n-width ( ), m-width ( ), and non-breaking spaces ( ). &thinsp; &ensp; &emsp; &nbsp;
• Greek: α β γ Α Β Γ etc. &alpha; &beta; &gamma; &Alpha; &Beta; &Gamma; etc.
• Unicode: &#x22A2; (for example) gives the character ⊢ with unicode number x22A2 (hexadecimal). Warning: many of the more obscure unicode characters do not yet work on all browsers. Additionally, this makes it very hard to read the wikitext.

It might be easier to just copy and paste the symbols instead of using them by reference. For example, the unicode symbols at Letterlike symbols can be copied and pasted, for example ℝ instead of &#8477; . Many symbols can also be inserted by clicking on the corresponding link under the edit pane.

See also

• Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)
• Weierstrass p
• The List of XML and HTML character entity references gives a longer list of HTML characters.
• TeX on Wikipedia
• Table of mathematical symbols, Mathematical alphanumeric symbols
• Mathematical Markup Language
• Unicode Mathematical Operators
• Help:Formula

External links

• List of HTML codes
• List of HTML entity codes
• Hypertext Markup Language ASCII codes
• Huge collection of symbols, most of which probably do not work on many web browsers.
• Unicode character name index — finds the Unicode number of a character.
• W3C list of MathML characters indexed by code or name