A. Nesamony

A. Nesamony
Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Nagercoil
In office 1952–1957
In office 1962–1968
Personal details
Born	12 June 1895(1895-06-12) Nesarpuram,Palliyadi, Vilavancode Taluk, South Travancore
Died	01 June 1968
Nationality	Indian
Political party	Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC) & Indian National Congress
Spouse(s)	Caroline
Profession	Politician, Lawyer
Religion	Christian

A. Nesamony (Tamil: ஏ. நேசமணி), sometimes known as Marshal Nesamony, was a political leader from Kanyakumari district in Tamil Nadu, India. He was the second son of Kesavan Appavu Nadar,^[1] born on 12 June 1895 at Nesarpuram (Palliyadi)^[2] in Vilavancode Taluk, Kanyakumari district. He graduated from Maharaja's College in Thiruvananthapuram, and studied at law college in Thiruvananthapuram. He began practising in 1921. He was among those involved with the merger of four Taluks from Southern Travancore to Tamil Nadu.

Early life

He was educated at Scott Christian High School and then at C.M.S. College in Tirunelveli. While studying at C.M.S. College, he was elected as students' leader, which provided him with an opportunity to attend the Congress Conference^[vague] at Calcutta. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi at that time, he chose to wear only Khadi cotton dresses throughout his life. He graduated with a BA degree from Maharaja's College, Trivandrum, after which he began teaching, spending a year at Kurnool Bishop Heeber High school. He later became headmaster at Salvation Army Middle School in Trivandrum. Simultaneously he pursued his law studies at Trivandrum Law College. He married in September 1914.^{[citation needed]}

Legal practice

Nesamony registered as a lawyer at Nagercoil Sessions Court in 1921.^[3] He became a criminal lawyer^[3] at Nagercoil Bar. He was elected as the president of Nagercoil Lawyers' Association in 1943.^[3] In the same year he was also elected as the chairman of Nagercoil Municipal Council.^{[citation needed]}

Public life

• 1943-1947: Chairman of Nagercoil Municipality^{[citation needed]}
• December 1944: Founded Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC) movement^{[citation needed]}
• 1945-1947: Member of Travancore Legislative (Thirumoolam) Assembly and nominated member to the Senate of the Travancore University^{[citation needed]}
• October 1947: Launched TTNC as a political party^{[citation needed]}
• 1948-1952: Member of Travancore-Cochin Constituent Assembly & leader of TTNC parliamentary party in assembly^{[citation needed]}
• 1955-1956: President of TTNC^{[citation needed]}

Political career

He was a Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Nagercoil constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1951, 1962 and 1967 elections.^[4][5][6]

He was also a Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Killiyur constituency in 1957 election.^[7]

Kanyakumari district merger with Tamil Nadu

Background

Feudalism prevailed in the erstwhile state of Travancore. The jenmi system protected the socioeconomic and political status of the upper castes only, while the lower castes, especially the Nadars, were exploited in many ways.^[8] Events such as the Upper Cloth Controversy and the Temple Entry Proclamation were reactions to this.^{[citation needed]}

Events

A consequence of the social oppression and political repression was an ongoing campaign for recognition by the affected groups during the later nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries. This was evidenced by, for example. the creation of the Nair Service Society^[9][10] and the SNDP.^[11]

The agitation intensified after Indian independence. A campaign was launched under the auspices of a political movement called the Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC), to fight against the social ills that existed in the former state of Travancore. The TTNC later converted into a political party in order to contest elections. It culminated in the formation of Kanyakumari district^[why?] and its subsequent merger with Tamil Nadu on 1 November 1956 during the linguistic reorganisation of states.^[12][13][14] Nesamony and P. Thanulinga Nadar were instrumental in the merger of the district with Tamil Nadu.^{[citation needed]} As a result of this, Nesamony was known as Kumari Thanthai and Liberator of Kerala Tamils. as well as Marshal.^{[by whom?][citation needed]}

Immediately thereafter, the TTNC merged with the Indian National Congress^[15] and became fully integrated with the national mainstream.

Death and legacy

Nesamony died on 1 June 1968 ^[16] while serving as a member in the Lok Sabha. This caused a by-election in his Nagercoil constituency in 1969, which was won by Kamaraj.^[17]

There have been various tributes paid to his memory since that time. These include:

• the establishment of Nesamony Memorial Christian College at Marthandam
• the erection of a statue Anna bus-stand in the heart of Nagercoil, together with a memorial building
• the creation of a satellite township called Nesamony Nagar on the outskirts of Nagercoil, where the headquarters of the former Nesamony Transport Corporation (a Tamil Nadu government undertaking) existed
• the naming of the bridge built across the Kuzhithurai river as Nesamony Paalam
• his birthplace in Palliyadi was named Nesarpuram.^{[citation needed]}
• a park near Thingalnagar-Monday Market Bus-stand in Kanyakumari district was named Nesamony Poonga
• the central government published commemorative postal envelopes in recognition of the centenary of his birth in 1995.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. ^ Joy Gnanadason,`A Forgotten History`,1994, Gurukul L.T. College and Research Institute,Chennai, page:151
2. ^ Janab A.Abdul Razak,(Ex-M.P.)`Nesamony - A Turning-point in History`2009,Nagercoil, page:1.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Peter, D.; Peter, Ivy (2009). Liberation oh the oppressed: a continuous struggle. Nagercoil: Kanyakumari Institute of Development Studies. pp. 45–46. http://books.google.com/books?id=3sv4eStOv9QC. 
4. ^ Volume I, 1951 Indian general election, 1st Lok Sabha
5. ^ Volume I, 1962 Indian general election, 3rd Lok Sabha
6. ^ Volume I, 1967 Indian general election, 4th Lok Sabha
7. ^ 1957 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India
8. ^ Nagam Aiya, `Travancore State Manual`, Vol.III, Page:116, Reprint 1989
9. ^ Nossiter, Thomas Johnson (1982). "Kerala's identity: unity and diversity". Communism in Kerala: a study in political adaptation. University of California Press. pp. 28–29. ISBN 9780520046672. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=8CSQUxVjjWQC. Retrieved 2011-06-09. 
10. ^ Fuller, C. J. (Winter 1975). "The Internal Structure of the Nayar Caste". Journal of Anthropological Research 31 (4): 303–304. JSTOR 3629883. (subscription required)
11. ^ Gough, E. Kathleen (1961). "Nayars: Central Kerala". In Schneider, David Murray; Gough, E. Kathleen. Matrilineal Kinship. University of California Press. p. 304. ISBN 9780520025295. http://books.google.com/books?id=lfdvTbfilYAC&pg=PA304. 
12. ^ "Birth anniversary of Nesamony". The Hindu. 15 June 2006. http://www.thehindu.com/2006/06/15/stories/2006061506130400.htm. 
13. ^ "Marshal Nesamony remembered". The Hindu. 2 November 2006. http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/02/stories/2006110204050300.htm. 
14. ^ "Contingency plan for biomedical waste management". The Hindu. 13 June 2004. http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/13/stories/2004061306030100.htm. 
15. ^ Joy Gnanadason,`A Forgotten History`,1994, Gurukul L.T.College and Research Institute, Chennai-10. Page;149.
16. ^ Janab A.Abdul Razak,`Nesamony - A Turning-point in History`,2009,Nagercoil. Page:413.
17. ^ P. Kandaswamy. The political career of K. Kamraj. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 122–124. http://books.google.com/books?id=bOjT3qffnMkC&pg=PA118&dq=1967+tamil+nadu+elections+rice&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 

Persondata
Name	Nesamony, A
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	12 July 1895
Place of birth	Maranconam, Kalkulam Taluk, India
Date of death	1968
Place of death