Mars Orbiter Camera

The Mars Orbiter Camera was in orbit around Mars between 1997 and 2006 (narrow-angle camera inside the cylinder, the two wide-angle cameras attached on the front area)

Mars Orbiter Camera picture taken on 21 July 1999 showing Mars' polar dunes^[1]

The Mars Orbiter Camera or Mars Observer Camera (MOC) was a scientific instrument on board the Mars Observer and Mars Global Surveyor spacecrafts. The camera was built by Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) for NASA and the cost of the whole MOC scientific investigation project was about US$ 44 million, higher than anticipated in the budget.^[2]

Originally named Mars Observer Camera, it was selected by NASA in 1986 for the Mars Observer mission, but it returned only three images of planet Mars before the loss of the spacecraft in 1993. A second camera of the same specifications, renamed to Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), was built (with assistance by California Institute of Technology) and launched on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft in 1996. The camera returned 243,668 images while in orbit around Mars, before the loss of the MGS spacecraft in 2006.^[2] Mars Orbiter Camera was operated by its manufacturer, Malin Space Science Systems, from its facilities in San Diego, California.^[1]

The scientific instrument consisted of three elements: a black-and-white narrow-angle camera with a spatial resolution of 1.4 metres per pixel (from an altitude of 378 km), and two wide-angle cameras (one red, the other blue) with resolution capabilities spanning 230 m per pixel to 7.5 km/pixel. The narrow-angle camera provided 97,097 (roughly 40%) of the 243,668 images returned by Mars Orbiter Camera.^[2]

The narrow-angle camera was placed inside an 80cm-long cylinder with a diameter of 40 cm, and the two wide-angle cameras were attached above the cylinder's front area. All cameras were based on CCD technology and were supported by state-of-the-art 1980s electronics, including a 32-bit radiation-hardened 10 MHz processor (capable of 1 million instructions per second) and 12 MB of DRAM memory buffer.^[2]

In addition to taking images, the MOC instrument's 12 MB memory buffer serviced the Mars Global Surveyor's Mars Relay antenna as temporary data storage for communications between Earth and landed spacecraft on Mars. For example, more than 7.6 terabits of data were transferred to and from the Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity). The camera also enabled NASA scientists to choose suitable landing sites for other exploration missions.^[2]

See also

Malin also built and operated other cameras for NASA, including:

• Mars Color Imager for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft
• Context (CTX) Camera also for the MRO spacecraft
• JunoCam, on board the Juno spacecraft, to be deployed in orbit around Jupiter in 2016

References

1. ^ ^{a b} http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/8_10_99_releases/moc2_166/
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} http://www.marsjournal.org/contents/2010/0001/files/malin_mars_2010_0001.pdf

External links

• http://www.marsjournal.org/contents/2010/0001/files/malin_mars_2010_0001.pdf