Double truth

Double-truth theory, in philosophy, is the view that religion and philosophy, as separate sources of knowledge, might arrive at contradictory truths without detriment to either.^[1]

Latin Averroism

In medieval Europe, the Church was specifically opposed to "Latin Averroists" (see Averroës), Siger of Brabant, It sought to halt the spread of Aristotle's ideas, which the reconquest of Spain and, accordingly, access to the libraries of the Moors had re-introduced into the Latin literate world.^[2]

Neoplatonism and Aristotelianism

At the time, much of the theology of the Roman Catholic Church was influenced by Neoplatonic ideas, and Aristotelianism struck many as heretical.^[3][4] Siger and others seem to have conceded this, and to have used the sharp reason/faith distinction that came to be known as "double truth" as a way of legitimizing discussion of Aristotle despite that concession.^[5] The teachings of Aristotle came to be accepted as second only to the teachings of the Church. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologica (1267–73), rejected Neoplatonism and stated that there can be no conflict between reason and faith.^[6][7]

Revival in the Renaissance

Questions remained, and again came to the fore when scientists such as Copernicus made discoveries which seemed to contradict scripture. The doctrine of "double truth" was revived by the scholastics under the ruberic "two truths". Thus, according to the scholastics, there was a lesser truth, that the Earth circled the Sun, as Copernicus said, and a greater truth, that when Joshua fought at Jericho it was the Sun, not the Earth, which stood still. The scholastics held that both "truths" were true in their own sphere.^[8][9]

Historical relevance of the concept

Today both sides of the controversy reject the "double truth" concept, and it is primarily of historical interest.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. ^ "double-truth theory". Encyclopedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/170050/double-truth-theory. 
2. ^ See, e.g., Gilson, Etienne, "La doctrine de la double vérité," Études de philosophie médiévale (1921), pp. 51-69; translated as, History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages (1955).
3. ^ John Francis Quinn (1973). The historical constitution of St. Bonaventure's philosophy. PIMS. ISBN 9780888440235. http://books.google.com/books?id=Auxo8Zr1598C&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=Aristoteleanism++heresy.&source=bl&ots=FiNmdVppXq&sig=jLQPcsE53Rb92MzjTgD2fN3S3ss&hl=en&ei=SJdcS9ObGaLEMYLEqYQG&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CBoQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
4. ^ "The Metaphysics of John Duns Scotus", pathways (essays), Fr. Seamus Mulholland
5. ^ See, e.g.,
6. ^ St Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica (translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province), Christian Classics, 1981, ISBN 0870610635 ISBN 978-0870610639.
7. ^ "The Battle of Aristotle", Arthur Little, Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. 36, No. 141 (Mar., 1947), pp. 57-68
8. ^ Will Durant, The Reformation, Simon and Schuster, 1957.
9. ^ See also, Dictionary of the History of Ideas Double Truth