Donald Hudson (aviator)

Donald Hudson
Born	21 December 1895 Topeka, Kansas, USA
Died	11 June 1967 Fort Meade, Maryland, USA
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	Aviation
Rank	Lieutenant
Unit	27th Aero Squadron
Awards	Distinguished Service Cross

Lieutenant Donald Hudson was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories.^[1] Postwar, he pioneered aviation in Bolivia.^[2][3]

World War I service

Hudson served with the 27th Aero Squadron for the last year of the war, as he reported there as a Nieuport 28 pilot in November 1917. He did not score a victory until 2 July, when he teamed with John MacArthur and four other pilots to destroy a pair of Fokker D.VIIs. Hudson then changed to a Spad XIII as the squadron re-equipped. On 1 August, he became an ace, scoring three victories during a protection patrol with the help of Jerry Vasconcells and a couple of other pilots. The action won him a DSC.^[4]

His final victory was chalked up on 6 October 1918.^[5]

South American aviation pioneer

Postwar, Hudson became an instructor with the Bolivian Air Force. During his stay in South America, he was credited as being the first to overfly the Andes Mountains.^[6]

The President and Secretary of the Interior of Bolivia, José Gutiérrez Guerra and Doctor Julio Zamora, contracted for a specially built Curtiss 18T Wasp; they may have been introduced to Hudson during this transaction. At any rate, Hudson, his bride, and two mechanics accompanied the disassembled Wasp triplane when it arrived in La Paz via railroad from Chile on 20 December 1919. Hudson was ranked as a lieutenant colonel and hired as chief pilot of the newly established Escuela de Aviación.^[7]

Hudson began a series of record-setting flights; for instance, his use of the Wasp made him the only triplane pilot in South American history. On 17 April 1920, he took off from El Alto near La Paz and flew across the Andes for the mountain chain's first aerial crossing. Another flight took him to Lake Titicaca and set a South American altitude record of 8,294 meters (27, 211 feet) above sea level. Another high level flight like that, on 19 May, resulted in Hudson landing the Wasp with a mechanic passenger rendered unconscious by cold and the altitude.^[8]

On a flight between Oruro and La Paz, Hudson crashed the Wasp near Sicasia. The destruction of the plane seems to have ended his influence, as he was then investigated by Bolivian authorities.^[9] President Guerra's removal via coup during 1920 could not have helped Hudson's plight.^[10]

Military honors and awards

Distinguished Service Cross (DSC)

The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Donald Hudson, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action near Fere-en-Tardenois, France, August 1, 1918. A protection patrol of which Lieutenant Hudson was a member was attacked by a large formation of enemy planes. First Lieutenant Hudson was separated from the formation and forced to a low altitude by four enemy planes (Fokker type). He shot down one, drove off the other three, and started to our lines with a damaged machine, but was attacked by two planes. He shot down both of these planes and, by great perseverance and determination, succeeded in reaching our lines.^[11]

Sources of information

1. ^ http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/usa/hudson1.php Retrieved on 24 June 2010.
2. ^ American Aces of World War I. p. 70–71. 
3. ^ Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. p. 139–140; 156–157. 
4. ^ American Aces of World War I. p. 70–71. 
5. ^ American Aces of World War I. p. 70–71. 
6. ^ American Aces of World War I. p. 70–71. 
7. ^ Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. p. 139–140; 156. 
8. ^ Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. p. 156–157. 
9. ^ Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. p. 156–157. 
10. ^ http://countrystudies.us/bolivia/13.htm Retrieved on 12 September 2010.
11. ^ (General Orders No. 46, W.D., 1919) http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/usa/hudson1.php Retrieved on 24 June 2010.

Reference

• American Aces of World War I. Norman Franks, Harry Dempsey. Osprey Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1841763756, 9781841763750.
• Conquistadors of the Sky: A History of Aviation in Latin America. Dan Hagedorn. University Press of Florida, 2008. ISBN 0813032490, 9780813032498.

Persondata
Name	Hudson, Donald
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	21 December 1895
Place of birth	Topeka, Kansas, USA
Date of death	11 June 1967
Place of death	Fort Meade, Maryland, USA