Graphium (butterfly)

Graphium
Macleay's Swallowtail (Graphium macleayanus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Tribe:	Leptocircini
Genus:	Graphium Scopoli, 1777
Species
>100; see text

Graphium caterpillar

Graphium agamemnon

Graphium is a genus of mostly tropical swallowtail butterflies commonly known as swordtails, kite swallowtails, or ladies. Native to Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania, the genus is represented by over 100 species. Their coloration is as variable as the habitats they frequent; from rainforest to savannah. Some possess tails which may be long and swordlike, while others lack any hindwing extensions. Graphium species are often sighted at mud puddles.

The more colourful species are popular with collectors and are commonly seen mounted in frames for sale. Well-known species include the Tailed Jay (Graphium agamemnon); Common Bluebottle (G. sarpedon); and the Purple-spotted Swallowtail (G. weiskei). One species, G. idaeoides, is notable for being a perfect mimic of the danainid Idea leuconoe. The genus Protographium is closely related to Graphium.

Species

Listed alphabetically.^[1][2]

• Graphium abri Smith & Vane-Wright, 2001
• Graphium agamedes (Westwood, 1842) – Westwood's White-lady or Glassy Graphium
• Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758) – Tailed Jay or Green-spotted Triangle
• Graphium agetes (Westwood, 1841) – Fourbar Swordtail
• Graphium angolanus (Goeze, 1779) – Angola White Lady (Swordtail)
• Graphium antheus (Cramer, [1779]) – Large Striped Swordtail
• Graphium antiphates (Cramer, [1775]) – Fivebar Swordtail
• Graphium aristeus (Stoll, [1780]) – Chain Swordtail
• Graphium arycles (Boisduval, 1836) – Spotted Jay
• Graphium aurivilliusi (Seeldrayers, 1896)
• Graphium bathycles (Zinken, 1831) – Veined Jay
• Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984
• Graphium chironides (Honrath, 1884)
• Graphium cloanthus (Westwood, 1841) – Glassy Bluebottle
• Graphium codrus (Cramer, [1777])
• Graphium colonna (Ward, 1873) – Black Swordtail or Mamba Swordtail
• Graphium delessertii (Guérin-Méneville, 1839) – Malayan Zebra
• Graphium doson (C. & R. Felder, 1864) – Common Jay
• Graphium encelades (Boisduval, 1836).
• Graphium eurous (Leech, [1893]) – Sixbar Swordtail
• Graphium eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Great Jay or Pale Green Triangle
• Graphium evemon (Boisduval, 1836) – Lesser Jay
• Graphium glycerion (Gray, 1831) – Spectacle Swordtail
• Graphium idaeoides (Hewitson, 1853)
• Graphium illyris (Hewitson, 1872)
• Graphium kigoma Carcasson, 1964
• Graphium kosii Müller, 1999
• Graphium leonidas (Fabricius, 1793) – Veined Swordtail, Veined Swallowtail, or Common Graphium
• Graphium levassori Oberthür, 1890
• Graphium macfarlanei (Butler, 1877)
• Graphium macleayanus (Leach, 1814) – Macleay's Swallowtail
• Graphium megaera (Staudinger, 1888)
• Graphium megarus (Westwood, 1844) – Spotted Zebra
• Graphium mendana (Godman & Salvin, 1888)
• Graphium morania (Angas, 1849) – White Lady (Swallowtail) or Small White-lady Swordtail
• Graphium nomius (Esper, 1799) – Spot Swordtail
• Graphium olbrechtsi Berger, 1950
• Graphium policenes (Cramer, [1775]) – Small Striped Swortail or Common Swordtail
• Graphium polistratus (Grose-Smith, 1889) – Dancing Swordtail
• Graphium porthaon (Hewitson, 1865) – Coastal Swordtail, Cream-striped Swordtail, or Dark swordtail
• Graphium procles (Grose-Smith, 1887)
• Graphium ridleyanus (White, 1843) - Acraea Swordtail
• Graphium rileyi Berger, 1950 - Riley's Graphium
• Graphium sandawanum Yamamoto, 1977
• Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758) – Common Bluebottle or Blue Triangle
• Graphium stresemanni (Rothschild, 1916)
• Graphium tynderaeus (Fabricius, 1793) – Electric Green Swordtail or Green-spotted Swallowtail
• Graphium weiskei (Ribbe, 1900) – Purple Spotted Swallowtail
• Graphium xenocles (Doubleday, 1842) – Great Zebra

References

1. ^ Graphium, funet.fi
2. ^ Woodhall, Steve. Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa, Cape Town:Struik Publishers, 2005.

• Miller, L. D., and Miller, J. Y. (2004). The Butterfly Handbook, pp. 20–25, 52. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.; Hauppauge, New York. ISBN 0-7641-5714-0
• Smart, P. (1976). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World. ISBN 0-600-31381-6

External links

• NHM Afrotropical Kite Swallowtails (broadly Subgenera Pazala and Arisbe)
• Genus Graphium at Lepidoptera.pro