Graphium agamemnon

Taxobox
name = Tailed Jay
status = secure

---

regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Lepidoptera
subordo = Macrolepidoptera
superfamilia = Papilionoidea
familia = Papilionidae
subfamilia = Papilioninae
genus = "Graphium"
species = "G. agamemnon"
binomial = "Graphium agamemnon"
binomial_authority = Linnaeus, 1758The Tailed Jay ("Graphium agamemnon") is a predominantly green and black tropical butterfly that belongs to the swallowtail family. The butterfly is also called Green Spotted Triangle, Tailed Green Jay or the Green Triangle. It is a common, non-threatened species native to India, Sri Lanka through Southeast Asia and into Australia. Several geographic races are recognized.

Range

Southern India to Saurashtra, Northern India (Kumaon to Assam), Nepal, Sri Lanka, Andamans, Nicobars, Bangladesh, Brunei, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea, southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan, South East Asia to New Guinea, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, and Australia (northern Queensland).

Description

Male upperside black. Forewing with the following green markings:—a spot at the extreme base of the costal margin, a transverse short bar near base of cell and seven spots beyond, two and two except the apical spot which is single ; two spots beyond apex of cell; a spot at base of interspaces 1a and 1, followed by two oblique short macular bands; a discal series of spots decreasing in size towards the costa, and a postdiscal series of smaller spots that begins with two in interspace 1; the spots in interspace 7 in both series are out of line, placed outwards. Hind wing: three series of similarly-coloured markings that ran transversely across the wing more or less parallel to the dorsal margin, the upper markings (those in interspace 7) white; a short greenish stripe at the extreme base of the wing. Underside: fuliginous brown or brownish-black, more or less suffused with pink along the costal margin, on apical area and along the outer margin of the discal markings on the fore wing, broadly along the dorsal and terminal margins and at base on interspaces 6 and 7 on the hind wing; markings similar to those on the upperside but less clearly defined and somewhat more grey in tint. Hind wing black, inwardly red-margined spots superposed on the pink area in interspaces 6 and 7. cilia very narrow, pale pink. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black, thorax above and the abdomen on the sides streaked with greenish grey; beneath: ochreous grey touched on the thorax with pink.Bingham, C. T. (1907) Fauna of British India. Butterflies. Volume 2]

Female similar, but with a streak of greenish white along the dorsal margin on both upper and under sides.

Race "decoratus" is found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and is very similar to the typical form, from which it can be distinguished as follows : Upperside green spots smaller, especially the discal series on the fore wing. Underside hind wing : the red postcostal spot is relatively small but the red part has much increased against the black part; besides the large red anal mark and the mark before the first disco-cellular veinlet, there is a large red spot in the lower median cellule [interspace 2] , a smaller red spot in each of the three preceding cellules [interspaces 3, 4, 5] and a streak-like spot at the base of the lower median cellule.

tatus

Common and not threatened.

Habitat

Once found primarily close to wooded country where there is a fairly heavy rainfall, the Tailed Jay is now very common at low elevations and regularly seen in gardens and urban areas due to its foodplant, "Polyalthia longifolia" (False Ashoka or Mast Tree), being widely used as an ornamental tree.

Habits

Strong and restless fliers, they are very active butterflies and flutter their wings constantly even when at flowers. They are seldom seen drinking from damp patches. The males are particularly fond of nectaring from flowers such as "Lantana", "Ixora", "Mussaenda" and "Poinsettia". The females are more likely caught when looking for foodplants or laying eggs.

Tailed Jays are active throughout the year but their abundance depends upon the local monsoon and availability of the larval host plants. The butterflies generally fly among the tree-tops but descend to ground level in search of flowers or host plants. Because of their relatively fast life cycle (just over one month from egg to adult), Tailed Jays are multivoltine and may produce up to 7–8 broods per year.

It has been noted in one instance to be attracted to lights at night. [Sharma, R.M. and N. Chaturvedi (2005) Additions to the light attracted butterflies. J. Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc. 102(1):129]

Life cycle

This species can take from 33-36 days from egg to adult. The species is multivoltine with at least 7-8 broods in a year. [ Ramana S.P., Atluri .J.B., Reddi C.S. (2003) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15259606&dopt=Citation Autecology of the tailed jay butterfly Graphium agamemnon (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae)] . Journal of Environmental Biology. Jul;24(3):295-303.]

Eggs

The eggs are pale yellow and are laid singly on the underside of young leaves, and hatch after 3–4 days.

Larva

Young larvae are dark yellowish green with a pale yellow band in the middle of the abdomen. From the head, which is moderately large, the body increases in thickness rapidly to the 4th or 5th segment and then tapers gradually down to the tail. It has four pairs of spines. The colour is at first smoky-black, but at the last moult becomes a light clear green faintly marked with lines of a darker shade. The fully grown larva is green, fusiform and having small black spots. s.

Pupa

. The pupal stage lasts for 13–14 days. The horns are tipped with rusty brown.

Foodplants

"Polyalthia longifolia", "Polyalthia cerasoides", "Annona squamosa", "Annona reticulata", "Annona discolor", "Annona muricata", "Goniothalamus cardiopetalus", "Mitrephora heyneana" [Kunte, K. 2006. Additions to known larval host plants of Indian butterflies. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 103(1):119-120] and "Uvaria narum" [Nair, V. P. 2005 Uvaria narum, a new host plant record of the Tailed Jay Butterfly (Graphium agamemnon) from Kerala. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 102(3):355-356] of the family Annonaceae, "Michelia doltospa", "Michelia champaca", "Milliusa tomentosum", "Cinnamomum spp." and "Artabotrys hexapetalus".

=

References

General reading

* Collins, N.M. & Morris, M.G. (1985) Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. IUCN. ISBN 2-88032-603-6
* Evans, W.H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India
* Gaonkar, Harish (1996) Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.
* Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar,Isaac & Punetha,J.C.(1992) Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.
* Haribal, Meena (1994) Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History.
* Kunte,Krushnamegh (2005) Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press.
* Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.

External links

* [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/butterflies/neotropica/sulawesi/images_large/Papilionidae/agamemnonM.jpgb Sulawesi butterflies]

ee also

*Papilionidae
*List of Butterflies of India
*List of Butterflies of India (Papilionidae)