Đại Việt sử lược

Đại Việt sử lược 大越史略
Copy of Đại Việt sử lược, in Siku Quanshu
Original title	大越史略
Country	Đại Việt
Language	Classical Chinese
Subject(s)	History of Vietnam
Genre(s)	Historiography
Publisher	Trần Dynasty
Publication date	r. 1377

The Đại Việt sử lược (literally Abbreviated History of Đại Việt) or Việt sử lược (越史略, Abbreviated History of Viet) is an historical text that was compiled during the Trần Dynasty. The 3-volume book was finished around 1377 and covered the history of Vietnam from the reign of Triệu Đà to the collapse of the Lý Dynasty. During the Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam, the book, together with almost all official records of the Trần Dynasty, was taken away to China and subsequently collected in the Siku Quanshu. Đại Việt sử lược is considered the earliest chronicles about the history of Vietnam that remains today.

History of compilation

The exact date of the compilation of Đại Việt sử lược was unknown^[1] but due to the last record of the book, which was the era name of Trần Phế Đế, the compilation was likely finished around 1377.^[2][3] The author of the book was unknown as well^[1] but there are several sources who claim it was the historian Sử Hy Nhan who took charge of the compilation.^[3] Ranked first in the 1363 imperial examination, Sử Hy Nhan was so famous for his knowledge of history that the Trần emperor decided to changed his family name from Trần to Sử (which means "history" in Vietnamese).^[4] Another source reckoned that Đại Việt sử lược was a condensed version of the Đại Việt sử ký which was written by Lê Văn Hưu in 1272, or only the book Việt chí (Annals of Viet) by Trần Phổ with the supplements of Trần Dynasty's era names, but they could not verify these two hypotheses because of the lack of historical evidences.^[5]

During the Fourth Chinese domination, many valuable books of Đại Việt were taken away by the Ming Dynasty, including the Đại Việt sử ký, and subsequently were lost.^[5][6][7][8] Although being transferred to China,^[9] Đại Việt sử lược was still preserved in its original form and was published in the Siku Quanshu of the Qing Dynasty under the name Việt sử lược, the first character Đại (大, means Great) was left out to suit the Chinese notion of propriety and historical tradition.^[5] Therefore the book is considered the earliest annals about history of Vietnam that remains today^[1][4][10] and the most important book which was brought back to Vietnam from China.^[11] In 1978, Đại Việt sử lược became the first historical book of Vietnam that was translated directly from Hán tự to Russian.^[12]

Contents

The Đại Việt sử lược was written in Hán tự and covered the history of Vietnam from the reign of Triệu Đà (2nd century BCE) to the collapse of the Lý Dynasty (1225) with a supplemental list of era names of Trần emperors from Trần Thái Tông to Trần Phế Đế.^[13] The contents of Đại Việt sử lược were divided into three volumes (quyển), the first called Quốc sơ diên cách corresponded with the period from the foundation of Văn Lang, the first nation of Vietnam in the 7th century BCE^[14] to the 12 Lords Rebellion (10th century), the second and third books were named Nguyễn kỷ (Period of the Nguyễn)^[1] and narrated the reign of the Lý Dynasty with the royal family name Lý was changed to Nguyễn by the Trần Dynasty in order to avoid the given name of Trần Lý, grandfather of the emperor Trần Thái Tông, and make people forget the former dynasty.^[15] The quality of compilation of Đại Việt sử lược was not coherent, there were periods which were recorded in details but also some very brief sections.^[1] The author of Đại Việt sử lược appeared to attach special importance to the reign of the Lý Dynasty with extensive records while the compilation of the period up to the middle of the 10th century was mainly based on Chinese sources.^[5]

References

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Đại Việt sử lược" (in Vietnamese). Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam. http://dictionary.bachkhoatoanthu.gov.vn/default.aspx?param=2DE2aWQ9MzQzMTAmZ3JvdXBpZD0ma2luZD0ma2V5d29yZD0lYzQlOTAlZTElYmElYTFpK3ZpJWUxJWJiJTg3dCtzJWUxJWJiJWFkK2wlYzYlYjAlZTElYmIlYTNj&page=1. 
2. ^ Nguyễn Gia Tường (translator) 1993, p. 112
3. ^ ^{a b} Trần Nghĩa (1995). "Sách Hán Nôm tại Thư viện Vương quốc Anh" (in Vietnamese). Hán Nôm Magazine (Hanoi: Institute of Hán Nôm) (3/1995). http://www.hannom.org.vn/web/tchn/data/9503v.htm. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "Sử Hy Nhan" (in Vietnamese). Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam. http://dictionary.bachkhoatoanthu.gov.vn/default.aspx?param=1A7BaWQ9MjQwOTAmZ3JvdXBpZD0ma2luZD0ma2V5d29yZD1TJWUxJWJiJWFkK0h5K05oYW4=&page=1. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Taylor 1991, p. 351
6. ^ Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 82
7. ^ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998, p. 356
8. ^ Woodside, Alexander (1988). Vietnam and the Chinese model: a comparative study of Vietnamese and Chinese government in the first half of the nineteenth century. Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 125. ISBN 0-674-93721-X. 
9. ^ Hà Thiên Niên (2004). "Lược khảo về thư tịch cổ Việt Nam du nhập vào Trung Quốc" (in Vietnamese). Hán Nôm Magazine (Hanoi: Institute of Hán Nôm) (1/2004). http://www.hannom.org.vn/web/tchn/data/0401_a.htm. 
10. ^ "Phong Châu" (in Vietnamese). Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam. http://dictionary.bachkhoatoanthu.gov.vn/default.aspx?param=1A2BaWQ9MjUzMTEmZ3JvdXBpZD0ma2luZD0ma2V5d29yZD1QaG9uZytDaCVjMyVhMnU=&page=1. 
11. ^ Hà Thiên Niên (2003). "Khảo thuật về cổ tịch có liên quan đến Việt Nam thuộc các triều đại ở Trung Quốc" (in Vietnamese). Hán Nôm Magazine (Hanoi: Institute of Hán Nôm) (5/2003). http://www.hannom.org.vn/web/tchn/data/0305v.htm. 
12. ^ Nguyễn Đăng Na (1995). ""Việt sử lược" với bản tiếng Nga của A. B. Pôliacốp" (in Vietnamese). Hán Nôm Magazine (Hanoi: Institute of Hán Nôm) (4/1995). http://www.hannom.org.vn/web/tchn/data/9504v.htm#na25. 
13. ^ Nguyễn Gia Tường (translator) 1993, pp. 109–112
14. ^ Neville, Peter (2007). Britain in Vietnam: prelude to disaster, 1945-6. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 0-415-35848-5. 
15. ^ Ngô Đức Thọ (1986). "Bước đầu nghiên cứu chữ húy đời Trần" (in Vietnamese). Hán Nôm Magazine (Hanoi: Institute of Hán Nôm) (1/1986). http://www.hannom.org.vn/web/tchn/data/8601v.htm. 

Bibliography

• National Bureau for Historical Record (1998) (in Vietnamese), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục, Hanoi: Education Publishing House 
• Nguyễn Gia Tường (translator) (1993), Đại Việt sử lược, Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House, University of Ho Chi Minh City 
• Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993) (in Vietnamese), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House 
• Taylor, Keith Weller (1991), The Birth of Vietnam, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-07417-3 
• Trần Trọng Kim (1971) (in Vietnamese), Việt Nam sử lược, Saigon: Center for School Materials