Type D escort ship

No.2 on 26 February 1944 at Tokyo Bay
Class overview
Name:	No.2 class escort ship
Builders:	Yokosuka Naval Arsenal Fujinagata Shipyards Harima Zōsen Corporation Hitachi Zōsen Corporation Ishikawajima Heavy Industries Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard
Operators:	Imperial Japanese Navy Republic of China Navy Soviet Navy People's Liberation Army Navy
Preceded by:	Ukuru class
Cost:	5,363,000 JPY
Built:	1943–1946
In commission:	1944–1987
Planned:	203
Completed:	67
Cancelled:	136
Lost:	26
Retired:	41
General characteristics [1]
Type:	Escort ship
Displacement:	740 long tons (752 t) standard
Length:	69.5 m (228 ft)
Beam:	8.6 m (28 ft 3 in)
Draught:	3.05 m (10 ft)
Propulsion:	1 shaft, geared turbine engines, 2,500 hp (1,864 kW)
Speed:	17.5 knots (20.1 mph; 32.4 km/h)
Range:	4,500 nmi (8,300 km) at 16 kn (18 mph; 30 km/h)
Complement:	160
Sensors and processing systems:	/Type 22-Go radar Type 93 sonar Type 3 hydropnhone
Armament:	As built : • 2 × 120 mm (4.7 in)/45 cal DP guns • 6 × Type 9625 mm (0.98 in) AA machine guns (2×3) • 12 × Type 3 depth charge throwers • 1 × depth charge chute • 120 × depth charges From 1944 : • as above, plus • 1 × 80 mm (3.1 in) mortar

The Type D escort ships (丁型海防艦, Tei-gata kaibōkan^?) were a class of ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The Japanese called them "Type D" coast defence ships, and they were the sixth class of Kaibokan (Kai = sea, ocean, Bo = defence, Kan = ship), a name used to denote a multi-purpose vessel. ^[2]

Background

The Type D, like the Ukuru-class and Mikura-class, were dedicated to the anti-aircraft and anti-submarine role.

In 22 April 1943, the Navy General Staff decided a mass production of escort ships, because of the urgent need to protect the convoys which were under constant attack. The plan was to build a basic escort ship of around 800 tons, with a simple design for easy construction. The first designs, for "Type A" Etorofu class and "Type B" Mikura class, still needed too many man-hours for building, so in June 1943, the Navy General Staff planned for a simplified design. The result was the Ukuru class, and a scaled down model of the Mikura class, which became the "Type C" and "Type D" escort classes.

Design

Because of Japan's deteriorating war situation, the Type D class was a further simplification of the Ukuru design and were built to the same design as the Type C escort ship. However, due to a shortage of diesel engines to power both groups of vessels, the Type D were powered by turbine engines. This gave a slight increase in speed, from 16.5 to 17.5 knots, but a reduction in range and endurance, 4500 miles at 16 knots instead of 6500 miles. The Type D was the only Kaibokan type to use turbines.

They were smaller by 200 tons than the Ukuru’s and engines that propelled them were also smaller, at 2500 SHP vs 4200 for the Ukurus. Because of the decrease in engine power, the speed fell from 19.5 to 17.5 knots. The number of 4.7" guns went from three to two. The number of depth charges aboard was the same, 120, but the number of depth charge throwers was decreased from 18 to 12 and the depth charge chutes were decreased from two to one.

Due to the simplifications of the design, a significant saving was made in construction time. The Type D escorts required approximately 20,000 man-hours each, compared to the 35,000 man-hours of the Ukurus and the 57,000 man-hours of the Mikuras.

Construction

The design work for the Type D ships started in March 1943, at the same time as for the Ukuru class. They were built concurrently with the Ukuru class and the edit] Service

No.134 on 6 April 1945

Most of the Type D escorts were assigned to the Escort Fleet. However, they were not able to stop the American submarine offensive. One drawback was they did not have an effective fire-control system. They were equipped only with one height rangefinder for the AA guns and were powerless against an air attack. Despite being simple to construct they however proved themselves very durable for their size. Of the 22 instances of torpedoes striking them, they survived 9 times, with the CD-30 being struck and surviving on two separate occasions. Of the seven occasions when they struck mines, only one sank.

During the war 68 ships were finished out of the 200 planned; 25 were sunk during the war. ^[3]

Successes

• USS Harder was sunk on August 24, 1944 by CD-22. ^[4]
• USS Scamp was sunk on November 11, 1944 by CD-4. ^[4]
• USS Swordfish may also have been sunk by CD-4 on January 4, 1945, though evidence is unclear. ^[4]
• USS Snook was sunk by CD-8, CD-32, and CD-52 with Okinawa on April 9, 1945. ^[4]
• USS Bonefish was sunk on June 19, 1945 by CD-158 with CD-63, CD-75 and CD-207 and Okinawa. ^[4]
• USS Salmon was rendered unfit for further service by damage from CD-22 with CD-33 and CD-29 on October 30, 1944.

Ships in class

Ship #	Ship	Builder	Completed	Fate
2701	No.4	Yokosuka Naval Arsenal	07-03-1944	Sunk by aircraft at Toba, 28-07-1945. Salvaged and scrapped on 30-06-1948.
2703	No.6	Yokosuka Naval Arsenal	15-03-1944	Sunk by unknown (USSR?) submarine at south of Hidaka, 13-08-1945.
2704	No.8	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	29-02-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 16-07-1947. Later scrapped.
2705	No.10	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	29-02-1944	Sunk by USS Plaice at west of Tokara Islands, 27-09-1944.
2706	No.12	Yokosuka Naval Arsenal	22-03-1944	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-09-1947. Scrapped on 30-11-1947.
2707	No.14	Yokosuka Naval Arsenal	27-03-1944	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 06-07-1947, and renamed Tsinan. Captured by People's Liberation Army 1949, and renamed Wuchang (215). Decommissioned in 1982.
2708	No.16	Yokosuka Naval Arsenal	31-03-1944	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 14-08-1947. Later scrapped.
2709	No.18	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	08-03-1944	Sunk by aircraft at east of Quảng Ngãi, 29-03-1945.
2710	No.20	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	11-03-1944	Heavy damaged by aircraft at northwest of San Fernando, 29-12-1944. Sink on 30-12-1944.
2711	No.22	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	24-03-1944	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-09-1947. Scrapped on 31-12-1947.
2712	No.24	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	28-03-1944	Sunk by USS Archer-Fish at west of Iwo Jima, 28-06-1944.
2713	No.26	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-05-1944	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United States, 06-09-1947. Scrapped on 13-10-1947.
2714	No.28	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-05-1944	Sunk by USS Blenny at Dasol Bay, 24-12-1944.
2715	No.30	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	26-06-1944	Sunk by aircraft at Yura, 28-07-1945. Salvaged and scrapped 1948.
2716	No.32	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	30-06-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 16-07-1947. Later scrapped.
2717	No.34	Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard	25-08-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 05-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-32 (1947), target ship TsL-63 (1954), repair ship PM-75 (1957). Decommissioned on July 23, 1958 and scrapped.
2718	No.36	Fujinagata Shipyards	21-10-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 19-07-1947. Scrapped on 03-01-1948.
2719	No.38	Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard	10-08-1944	Sunk by USS Hardhead at west of Corregidor, 25-11-1944.
2720	No.40	Fujinagata Shipyards	22-12-1944	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 29-08-1947, and renamed Chenan (PF-72). Decommissioned 1963.
2721	No.42	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	25-08-1944	Sunk by USS Puffer at northwest of Agunijima Island, 10-01-1945.
2722	No.44	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-08-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-07-1947. Sunk as target at 34°48′N 139°42′E / 34.8°N 139.7°E / 34.8; 139.7, 25-08-1947.
2723	No.46	Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard	29-08-1944	Sunk by naval mine at Mokpo, 17-08-1945.
2724	No.48	Fujinagata Shipyards	13-03-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28-08-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-42 (1947), target ship TsL-42 (1948), dispatch ship Abakan (1949). Decommissioned on June 2, 1959 and scrapped.
2725	No.50	Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard	13-10-1944	Decommissioned on 20-11-1945. Scrapped on 05-05-1948.
2726	No.52	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	25-09-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-36 (1947), tdispatch ship Naryn (1954). Decommissioned on March 11, 1958 and scrapped.
2727	No.54	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	30-09-1944	Heavy damaged by aircraft at Calayan, 15-12-1944. Later scuttled.
2728	No.56	Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard	27-09-1944	Sunk by USS Bowfin at south of Tateyama, 17-02-1945.
2729	No.58	Fujinagata Shipyards	08-04-1946	Surrendered to United States, 31-07-1947. Scrapped on 30-11-1947.
2730	No.60	Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard	09-11-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 14-08-1947. Later scrapped.
2731	No.62	Hitachi Zōsen, Mukōjima Shipyard		Construction stopped on 22-05-1945. Sink at Kure, 14-01-1946. Salvaged and scrapped, May 1948.
2732	No.64	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	15-10-1944	Sunk by USS Pipefish at east of Hainan Island, 03-12-1944.
2733	No.66	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	21-10-1944	Sunk by aircraft off Shantou, 13-03-1945.
2734	No.68	Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard	20-11-1944	Sunk by aircraft at west of Amami Ōshima, 24-03-1945.
2735	No.70	Hitachi Zōsen, Onomichi Factory		Construction stopped on 01-04-1945. Later scrapped.
2736	No.72	Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard	25-11-1944	Sunk by USS Haddo at west of Taedong River, 01-07-1945.
2737	No.74	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	10-12-1944	Sunk by aircraft at Muroran, 14-07-1945.
2738	No.76	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	23-12-1944	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28-08-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-44 (1947), target ship TsL-44 (1948), patrol ship SKR-49 (1954). Refitted, rearmed and ceded to Chinese People's Liberation Army on June 25, 1955.
2739	No.78	Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard	04-04-1946	Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-37 (1947), dispatch ship Murgab (1954). Decommissioned on March 11, 1958 and scrapped.
2740	No.80	Hitachi Zōsen, Mukōjima Shipyard		Construction stopped on 01-04-1945. Later scrapped.
2741	No.82	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-12-1944	Sunk by aircraft at ENE of Kimchaek, 10-08-1945.
2742	No.84	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-12-1944	Sunk by USS Hammerhead at ENE of French Indochina, 29-03-1945.
2743 - 2750	Even numbers from No.86 to No.100			Cancelled in August 1944.
2751	No.102	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	20-01-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28-08-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-46 (1947), target ship TsL-46 (1948). Decommissioned on January 21, 1960 and scrapped.
2752	No.104	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-01-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 29-08-1947, and renamed Taian (PF-71). Decommissioned 1963.
2753	No.106	Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard	14-01-1945	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 05-07-1947. Sunk as target at 34°45′N 139°44′E / 34.75°N 139.733°E / 34.75; 139.733, 21-07-1947.
2754 - 2755	No.108 and No.110			Cancelled in Spring 1944.
2756	No.112	Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard	24-10-1944	Sunk by USS Barb at northeast of Cape Crillon, 18-07-1945.
2757	No.114			Cancelled in Spring 1944.
2758	No.116	Ishikawajima Heavy Industries	28-11-1945	Decommissioned 25-03-1946. Later scrapped.
2759	No.118	Kawasaki, Kōbe Shipyard	27-12-1945	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 31-07-1947. Captured by People's Liberation Army, May 1949, and renamed Changsha (216). Decommissioned in 1982.
2760	No.120			Cancelled in Spring 1944.
2761	No.122	Tōkyō Ishikawajima Shipyard		Construction stopped in March 1945. Later scrapped.
2762	No.124	Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard	09-02-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 01-02-1948.
2763	No.126	Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard	26-03-1945	Decommissioned on 05-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 14-08-1947. Later scrapped.
2764	No.128			Cancelled in Spring 1944.
2765	No.130	Harima Zōsen	12-08-1944	Sunk by aircraft at east of Quảng Ngãi, 29-03-1945.
2766	No.132	Harima Zōsen	07-09-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Scrapped on 02-07-1948.
2767	No.134	Harima Zōsen	30-09-1944	Sunk by aircraft at south of Xiamen, 06-04-1945.
2768	No.136			Cancelled in Autumn 1944.
2769	No.138	Harima Zōsen	23-10-1944	Sunk by aircraft at San Fernando, 02-01-1945.
2770	No.140			Cancelled in Autumn 1944.
2771	No.142	Kawasaki, Senshū Shipyard	07-04-1946	Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-38 (1947), target ship TsL-38 (1948), dispatch ship Arkhara (1949), patrol ship SKR-48 (1954). Refitted, rearmed and ceded to Chinese People's Liberation Army on February 11, 1955. Under the name Chih-17 served until 1987.
2772	No.144	Harima Zōsen	23-11-1944	Sunk by USS Besugo at east of Malay Peninsula, 02-02-1945.
2773 - 2774	No.146 and No.148			Cancelled in Autumn 1944.
2775	No.150	Harima Zōsen	24-12-1944	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 04-07-1947. Sunk as target at 35°28′N 123°25′E / 35.467°N 123.417°E / 35.467; 123.417, 18-08-1947.
2776	No.152			Cancelled in Autumn 1944.
2777	No.154	Harima Zōsen	07-02-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 04-09-1947. Scrapped on 01-03-1948.
2778	No.156	Harima Zōsen	08-03-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 04-09-1947. Scrapped on 11-12-1947.
2779	No.158	Harima Zōsen	13-04-1945	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United States, 25-07-1947. Scrapped on 31-12-1947.
2780	No.160	Harima Zōsen	16-08-1945	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 08-09-1947. Scrapped on 21-02-1948.
2781 - 2792	Even numbers from No.162 to No.184			Cancelled in Autumn 1944.
2793	No.186	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	15-02-1945	Sunk by aircraft at Amami Ōshima, 02-04-1945.
2794	No.188			Cancelled in Autumn 1944.
2795	No.190	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	21-02-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 31-03-1948.
2796	No.192	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	28-02-1945	Decommissioned on 25-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 31-07-1947, and renamed Tsuan. Decommissioned 1952.
2797	No.194	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	15-03-1945	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 06-07-1947, and renamed Weihai. Captured by People's Liberation Army, 23-04-1949, and renamed Tsinan (219). Decommissioned 1982.
2798	No.196	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-03-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 05-07-1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship EK-33 (1947), dispatch ship Turgai (1954). Decommissioned on March 11, 1958 and scrapped.
2799	No.198	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	31-03-1945	Decommissioned on 05-10-1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 31-07-1947. Captured by People's Liberation Army, May 1949, and renamed Sian (220). Decommissioned 1982.
2800	No.200	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	20-04-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 01-07-1948.
2801	No.202	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	07-07-1945	Decommissioned on 30-11-1945. Scrapped on 01-01-1948.
2802	No.204	Mitsubishi, Nagasaki Shipyard	11-07-1945	Decommissioned on 20-11-1945. Scrapped on 31-01-1948.
2803 - 2843	Even numbers from No.206 to No.286			Cancelled in Autumn 1944.
60 vessels				All canceled before being named.

See also

• No.1 class escort ship
• Ukuru class escort ship
• Hiburi class escort ship
• Mikura class escort ship
• Etorofu class escort ship
• Shimushu class escort ship
• Destroyer escort
• Tacoma class frigate
• Flower class corvette

Notes

1. ^ Conway p206-207
2. ^ ""coast defense ships." The Japanese used this curious rating to denote a multi-purpose vessel." Worth P. 208
3. ^ Conway p207
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq39-1.htm

External links

• Type D class @combinedfleet.com (Retrieved 14 July 2009)

• D type escorts @IJN(Retrieved 14 July 2009)

• D class @warships of WWII (Retrieved 14 July 2009)

References

• Worth, Richard, Fleets of World War II, Da Capo Press (2001), ISBN 0-306-81116-2
• Conway's All the World's Fighting ships 1922-1946 (1980) ISBN 0 85177 146 7