Dmitri Ivanovsky

Dmitri Ivanovsky
Ivanovsky ca. 1914
Born	October 28, 1864(1864-10-28) Village of Nizy, Gdov Uyezd, St. Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	June 20, 1920(1920-06-20) (aged 55) Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Nationality	Russian
Fields	Virology
Institutions	University of St Petersburg University of Warsaw Donskoy University
Alma mater	University of St Petersburg
Doctoral advisor	Andrei Famintsyn
Known for	Tobacco mosaic virus
Influences	Adolf Mayer
Influenced	Wendell Stanley

Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky (alternative spelling Dmitrii or Dmitry Iwanowski, Russian: Ивановский, Дмитрий Иосифович) (1864-1920) was a Russian botanist, one of the discoverers of filterable nature of viruses (1892) and thus one of the founders of virology.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Ivanovsky studied at the University of St Petersburg in 1887, when he was sent to Ukraine and Bessarabia to investigate a tobacco disease causing a great damage to plantations at the time. Three years later, he was assigned to look into similar disease of tobacco plants, this time raging in the Crimea region. He discovered that both diseases were caused by an extremely minuscule infectious agent, capable of permeating porcelain Chamberland filters, something which bacteria could never do. He described his findings in an article (1892)^[6] and a dissertation (1902).^[7]

In 1898, the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck independently replicated Ivanovsky's experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent, which he named virus. Beijerinck subsequently acknowledged Ivanovsky's priority of discovery.^[2]

References

1. ^ Lechevalier, Hubert (1972). "Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski (1864–-1920)" (in English). Bacteriological Reviews (Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology) 36 (2): 135–-45. ISSN 0005-3678. PMC 408320. PMID 4557165. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC408320/pdf/bactrev00200-0002.pdf. Retrieved October 16, 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b} A Lustig and A J Levine (1992 August). "One hundred years of virology". J Virol 66 (8): 4629–31. PMC 241285. PMID 1629947. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=241285. 
3. ^ Bos, L. (1995). "The Embryonic Beginning of Virology: Unbiased Thinking and Dogmatic Stagnation". Archives of Virology 140: 613–-619. ISSN 03048608. 
4. ^ Zaitlin, Milton (1998). "The Discovery of the Causal Agent of the Tobacco Mosaic Disease". In Kung, S. D.; Yang, S. F.. Discoveries in Plant Biology. Hong Kong: World Publishing Co.. pp. 105–-110. ISBN 978-9810213138. http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Documents/1998/ZaitlinDiscoveryCausalAgentTobaccoMosaicVirus.pdf. 
5. ^ Sebastion, Anton (2001) (in English). A dictionary of the history of science. Google Books Excerpt: Informa Health Care. p. 267. ISBN 185070418X. OCLC 9781850704188. http://books.google.com/?id=gTXFN-8v95MC&pg=PA267&dq=Dmitry+Iosifovich+Ivanovsky. Retrieved 2008-10-24. 
6. ^ Iwanowski, D. (1892). "Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze" (in German & Russian). Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg / Nouvelle Serie III (St. Petersburg) 35: 67–-70.  Translated into English in Johnson, J., Ed. (1942) Phytopathological classics (St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society) No. 7, pp. 27–-30.
7. ^ Iwanowski, D. (1903). "Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze" (in German). Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkranheiten und Pflanzenschutz 13: 1–-41. 

• Lecoq, H (October 2001). "[Discovery of the first virus, the tobacco mosaic virus: 1892 or 1898?]". C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie (France) 324 (10): 929–33. doi:10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01368-3. PMID 11570281. 

See also

• Tobacco mosaic virus

External links

• "Viruses and the Prokaryotic World". http://www.angelfire.com/ga2/nestsite2/webunit10.html. Retrieved 2008-04-19.