Culham Bridge

Culham Bridge
Old Culham Bridge
Carries	Thames Path
Crosses	Swift Ditch
Locale	Abingdon, Oxfordshire
Maintained by	Oxfordshire County Council
Design	Arch bridge
Material	stone
Number of spans	Five
Construction end	1422
Closed	1927
Coordinates	51°39′30″N 1°16′38″W / 51.6584°N 1.2772°W / 51.6584; -1.2772Coordinates: 51°39′30″N 1°16′38″W / 51.6584°N 1.2772°W / 51.6584; -1.2772

Culham Bridge is a mediaeval bridge crossing a present backwater of the River Thames in England at Culham, Oxfordshire, near the town of Abingdon. The bridge crosses Swift Ditch which was at one time the main navigation channel of the River Thames until Abingdon Lock was built in 1790. The bridge formerly carried the A415 road from Abingdon to Dorchester, Oxfordshire, but was superseded in 1928 by a modern road bridge.

History

Culham Bridge was built of stone between 1416 and 1422 to replace an ancient ford called Culham Hythe by a religious body known as The Brotherhood of Christ (later Christ's Hospital) who subsequently looked after its upkeep.^[1] It was built as part of an improvement scheme, together with the two bridges at Abingdon and a causeway across Andersey Island. It is recorded that the completion of Abingdon Bridge severely damaged trade at Wallingford.^[2]

In the early seventeenth century the Oxford-Burcot Commission constructed a lock at the top of Swift Ditch to direct navigation under Culham Bridge and this remained the main route of the Thames until Abingdon Lock was built in 1790.^[2]

Sir Henry Gage, who was killed at the bridge

During the English Civil War the bridge had considerable strategic importance. After the Royalists left Abingdon in May 1644 the Parliamentarians seized Culham Bridge, and harried the royalist food convoys on the way to Oxford. The Royalists tried to recapture the bridge and demolish it in January 1645. This resulted in a skirmish on 11 January known as the battle of Culham Bridge.^[1] Sir Henry Gage "while boldly leading his men in a third assault on the enemy... was hit by a bullet and killed".^[3]

In the eighteenth century the road was in a very bad state, leading to an Act of Parliament for its improvement.^[4] The bridge carried the main traffic until 1928, when the modern road bridge was built upstream of it and Culham Bridge became a pedestrian bridge.^[1]

During World War II two concrete pill boxes were built on the bridge, each weighing 250 tons and carrying anti-tank guns,^[5] and part of the parapet was removed to make way for a concrete platform. The bridge was subsequently restored and is classified as an ancient monument.^[1]

See also

• Crossings of the River Thames

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Parishes: Culham, A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 7: Dorchester and Thame hundreds (1962), pp. 27-39. Date accessed: 11 February 2010
2. ^ ^{a b} Fred. S. Thacker The Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs 1920 - republished 1968 David & Charles
3. ^ Memorial in Christ Church Cathedral Oxford
4. ^ Votes of the House of commons (which were concerned with the Oxfordshire election) Published 1754 Original from Oxford University
5. ^ Structurae database

External links

• Tate Gallery - Sketch of the bridge by JMW Turner