- Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve
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Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve
Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve portraied by Wolfgang HeimbachBorn 20 July 1638
Bremen, GermanyDied 17 April 1704 (aged 65)
Hamburg, GermanyResting place Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen Nationality German-Danish Known for Gyldenløve War
Gyldenløbe's Mansion
ReformsSpouse Marie Grubbe Awards Order of the Elephant Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, Count of Laurvig (20 July 1638 – 1704) was a statesman and the leading Norwegian general in the Scanian War, whose Norway-related portion is conventionally named "the Gyldenløve War", after him. He was the illegitimate son of King Frederick III of Denmark and Norway by Margarethe Pape.[1]
Contents
Early life
Gyldenløve was born in Bremen, Germany, the illegitimate son of Prince Frederick, later King Frederick III of Denmark, who was at the time Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen and coadjutor of the Bishopric of Halberstadt. His mother was Margrethe Pape who was made Baronesse of Løvendal by King Christian IV in 15 September that same year.
When his father became King of Denmark in 1648, Ulrik Frederik assumed the name Gyldenløve which was used by illegitimate sons of Danish kings.
During the first half of the 1650s, he traveled in Europe, visiting both France, Italy and Spain. On 21 August 1655 he became a naturalised Danish noble.[2]
Military career
Civil career and holdings in Norway
In 1664 Gyldenløve was appointed Statholder (viceroy) to Norway. He studied conditions in Norway very carefully, and became a strong advocate for many important reforms, such as a simplified tax system and the establishment of a Court of appeals in Norway separate from the one in Denmark. He is also remembered for his role in the construction and improvement of nine fortresses along the Swedish border.
Gyldenløve took part in the 17th-century Dano-Swedish wars where he was particularly successful at the Battle of Nyborg on 14 November 1659. In 1666, he became commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army which was victorious in the Scanian Wars (1675–1679).
In 1671, Gyldenløve founded the city of Laurvig (modern-day Larvik), and was named Count of Laurvig. In Larvik, he is remembered for the construction of its main church as well as Herregården (Manor House), which is still one of the largest wooden structures in Norway.[3]
Gyldenløve implemented Hannibal Sehested's reforms on taxation, defence and justice and protected the tenant farmers. He was also active in Danish politics from 1670 in association with Peder Griffenfeld.
Career and holdings in Denmark
The construction of Gyldenløves Palace in Copenhagen, later to be known as Charlottenborg Palace, began on 3 April 1672 when Frederick III laid the first stone for his illegitimate son.
Family
Count Ulrik Frederik married thrice: once to the famous Marie Grubbe, from whom he divorced in 1670. His two first marriages ended in divorces. According to contemporary stories, he also had an amorous relationship with count Peder Griffenfeld, who went on to become a leading statesman in Denmark-Norway.
Through his daughter countess Charlotte Amalie af Laurvig, and her daughter Countess Frederikke Louise Danneskiold-Samsø, count Ulrik Frederik became the ancestor of the Dukes of Augustenborg and thus for example of Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
See also
References
- ^ Biography of Ulrik Fredrik Gyldenløve (Dansk biografisk Lexikon 1887-1905)
- ^ "Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve" (in Danish). Stamtavler over danske adelsslægter. http://finnholbek.dk/genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I9330&tree=2. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ Herregården (Norway Attraction0
Other sources
- A History of Norway by Karen Larson, Princeton University Press, 1948
- The History of the Norwegian People by Knut Gjerset, MacMillan, 1915
- Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve by O. v. Munthe af Morgenstierne, Munskgaard, 1944 (in Danish).
External links
Governors-general of Norway appointed by the Danish crown • 1572 - 1577 Pouel Ottesen Huitfeldt • 1577 - 1583 Ludvig Ludvigsson Munk til Norlund • 1583 - 1588 Ove Juel • 1588 - 1601 Aksel Gyldenstjerne • 1601 - 1608 Jørgen Friis • 1608 - 1618 Enevold Kruse • 1618 - 1629 Jens Hermansson Juel • 1629 - 1642 Christopher Knudsson Urne • 1642 - 1651 Hannibal Sehested • 1651 - 1655 Gregers Krabbe • 1656 - 1661 Nils Trolle • 1661 - 1664 Iver Tageson Krabbe • 1664 - 1699 Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, Count of Laurvig • 1669 - 1675 Ove Juel (Vice Governor) • 1675 - 1682 Jens Juel (Vice Governor) • 1682 - 1694 Just Högh til Fultofte (Vice Governor) • 1699 - 1708 Frederik Gabel • 1708 - 1710 Johan Vibe • 1710 - 1712 Ulrik Frederik Valdemar, baron Løvendal • 1712 - 1713 Claus Henrik Vieregg • 1713 - 1722 Frederik Krag • 1722 - 1731 Ditlev Vibe • 1731 - 1733 Patroclus Rømeling • 1733 - 1739 Christian greve Rantzau • 1739 -1750 Hans Jakob Arnold (acting) • 1750 - 1771 Jacob von Benzon • 1766 - 1768 Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel • 1771 - 1809 Vacant • 1809 -1810 Christian von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg- Augustenburg • 1810 -1813 Friedrich Landgraf zu Hessen-Kassel • 1813 - 1814 Christian Frederik af Danmark •Categories:- Danish politicians
- Danish diplomats
- Larvik
- Governors-general of Norway
- Illegitimate children of Danish monarchs
- 17th-century Danish people
- 17th-century Norwegian people
- 1704 deaths
- 1638 births
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