Hordaland

Infobox Fylke
name = Hordaland
idnumber = 12
capital = Bergen
mayor = Torill Selsvold Nyborg
mayor_party = Kristelig Folkeparti
mayor_date = 2003
governor = Svein Alsaker
governor_party = Kristelig Folkeparti
governor_date = 1998
region = Vestlandet
arearank = 9
area = 15460
arealand = 14551
areapercent = 4.78
population_as_of = 2008
populationrank = 3
population = 465,817
populationpercent = 9.72
populationdensity = 31.8
populationincrease = 7.9
gdp_as_of = 2001
gdprank = 2
gdppercent = 7.55
gdpcapita = 263,056
incomecapita = 148,300

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munwebpage = http://www.hordaland.no
language = Nynorsk
demonym = Hordalending

Audio|Hordaland.ogg|Hordaland is a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland. Hordaland is the third largest county after Akershus and Oslo by population. The county administration is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county apart from Hordaland.

About the County

The name "Hordaland"

Hordaland (Old Norse: "Hörðaland" or Old Frisian: "Hörnaland") is the old name of the region which was revived in modern times. The first element is the plural genitive case of "hörðar", the name of an old Germanic tribe (see Charudes). The last element is "land" which means "land" or "region".

Until 1919 the name of the county was "Søndre Bergenhus amt" which meant "(the) southern (part of) Bergenhus amt". (The old "Bergenhus amt" was created in 1662 and was divided in 1763.)

Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms were officially granted on 1 December 1961. They were designed by Magnus Hardeland, but the general design had been originally used in the Sunnhordland region during the 14th century. In the early 20th century, leaders of the county began using the old arms as a symbol for the county once again. The arms are on a red background and consist of two golden axes that are crossed with a golden crown above them. [cite web|url=http://home.no.net/~thuridcs/Kommvpn/Hrdland/beskr-hordal.htm|title=Hordaland fylke|accessdate=2008-08-29 no icon]

History

Hordaland county has been around for more than one thousand years. Since the 7th century, the area was made up of many petty kingdoms under the Gulating and was known as "Hordafylke" since around the year 900. In the early 1500s, Norway was divided into four "len". The Bergenhus len was headquartered in Bergen and encompassed much of western and northern Norway.

In 1662, the "len" were replaced by amts. "Bergenhus amt" consisted of Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sunnmøre, Troms, and Nordland. In 1763, the "amt" was divided into northern and southern parts: "Nordre Bergenhus amt" and "Søndre Bergenhus amt". Søndre Bergenhus amt was re-named "Hordaland fylke" in 1919.

The city of Bergen was classified as a city-county "(byamt)" from 1831-1972. During that time in 1915, the municipality of Årstad was annexed into Bergen. In 1972, the neighboring municipalities of Arna, Fana, Laksevåg, and Åsane were annexed into the city of Bergen. Also at that same time, the city of Bergen lost its county status, and became a part of Hordaland county.

Government

A county "(fylke)" is the chief local administrative area in Norway. The whole country is divided into 19 counties. A county is also an election area, with popular votes taking place every 4 years. In Hordaland, 57 members are elected to form a county council "(Fylkesting)". Heading the "Fylkesting" is the county mayor "(fylkesordførar)". Since 2003, the Hordaland county municipality has been led by Torill Selsvold Nyborg, the county mayor.

The county also has a County Governor "(fylkesmann)" who is the representative of the King and Government of Norway. Svein Alsaker has been the County Governor of Hordaland since 1998.

The municipalities in Hordaland are divided among four district courts: Nordhordland, Sunnhordland, Bergen, and Hardanger district courts "(tingrett)". Hordaland is also part of the "Gulating lagmannsrett" district based in Bergen.cite web|url=http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordaland|title=Hordaland|publisher=Norwegian Bøkmal Wikipedia|accessdate=2008-08-29 no icon]
*Nordhordland tingrett: Askøy, Austevoll, Austrheim, Fedje, Fjell, Fusa, Lindås, Masfjorden, Meland, Modalen, Os, Osterøy, Radøy, Samnanger, Sund, Vaksdal, Voss, and Øygarden (also includes Gulen in Sogn og Fjordane county)
*Sunnhordland tingrett: Bømlo, Etne, Fitjar, Kvinnherad, Stord, Sveio, and Tysnes
*Bergen tingrett: the city of Bergen
*Hardanger tingrett: Eidfjord, Granvin, Jondal, Kvam, Odda, Ullensvang, and Ulvik

Most of the municipalities in Hordaland are part of the Hordaland police district. (Gulen and Solund in Sogn og Fjordane county are also part of the Hordaland police district.) Bømlo, Etne, Fitjar, Stord, and Sveio are a part of the "Haugaland and Sunnhordland" police district, along with eight other municipalities in Rogaland county.

Geography

Hordaland is semi-circular in shape. It is located on the western coast of Norway, split from southwest to northeast by the long, deep Hardangerfjorden, one of Norway's main fjords and a great tourist attraction. About half of the National park of Hardangervidda is in this county. The county also includes many well-known waterfalls of Norway, such as Vøringsfossen and Stykkjedalsfossen. It also includes the Folgefonna and Hardangerjøkulen glaciers.

More than 60% of the inhabitants live in Bergen and the surrounding area. Other urban or semi-urban centres include Leirvik, Voss and Odda.

Municipalities

In 1837, the counties were divided into local administrative units each with their own governments. The number and borders of these municipalities have changed over time, and at present there are 33 municipalities in Hordaland. further|A more detailed List of municipalities in Hordaland, Norway

Districts

Hordaland is conventionally divided into traditional districts. The inland districts are Hardanger and Voss and the coastal districts are Sunnhordland, Midhordland, and Nordhordland ["sic"] . "Strilelandet" is the name of a more informal region commonly held to encompass Midhordland and Nordhordland. "Stril" is a name the inhabitants of Bergen apply to the people living in the traditionally agricultural areas surrounding the city.

Famous people from Hordaland

*Ole Bull, composer and violinist from Bergen
*Herman Friele, mayor and coffee king
*Edvard Grieg, composer from Bergen
*Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen, doctor from Bergen, the one to discover the leprosy bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae
*Ludvig Holberg, playwright and author from Bergen
*Roald "Kniksen" Jensen, soccer player from Bergen
*Sissel Kyrkjebø, singer
*Leif Andreas Larsen, naval officer from Bergen
*Christian Michelsen, politician from Bergen, Norway's first Prime Minister
*Kari Traa, skier from Voss
*Varg Vikernes, black metal musician

ister Regions

Hordaland county has the following official sister regions:
*flagicon|FRA Basse-Normandie, France
*flagicon|Wales Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
*flagicon|Lithuania Kaunas, Lithuania
*flagicon|Scotland Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom

External links

* [http://www.hordaland.no/ County web site]
* [http://kart.ivest.no/hordaland/index.jsp Map of Hordaland]

References

reflist