Cipollino marble

A cipollino marble column in the Basilica of Maxentius in Rome

Cipollino marble was a variety of marble used by the ancient Greeks and Romans, whose Latin term for it was "marmor carystium" (meaning "marble from Karystos"). It was quarried in several locations on the south-west coast of the island of Euboea in Greece, between the modern-day cities of Styra and Karystos. Some of these ancient quarries survive with a mine-face of over 100m.

It has a white-green base, with thick wavy green ribs, held onto the path by stratas of mica. The colour of its base and grain grows darker the further north the precise location of its quarry. It is a metamorphic rock, a crystalline marble with crystals between 0.2 e and 0.6 mm, with coloured veins of epidote and chlorite. A marble similar in appearance to cipollino marble was mined in the Iberian peninsula at the Anasol mines^[1]), on the Alpi Apuane, in north-west Greece and Serbia.^[2]

First used in ancient Greece, it was imported to Rome from the 1st century BC onwards - in his Natural History,^[3] Pliny the Elder tells a tale of how columns of this marble were used in the home of the eques Claudius Mamurra, who had been an engineer for Julius Caesar in his Gallic Wars. The quarries yielding it became imperial property and cipollino marble became common throughout Rome during the imperial period. It was principally used for column shafts, including large and mainly smooth ones, such as the columns of the pronaos of the temple of Antoninus and Faustina in the Forum in Rome. It was also used for sculpture, such as that of a crocodile in the Canopus at the Villa Adriana at Tivoli, where its colour was used to imitate the colour of crocodile skin. It continued to be mined and used by the Byzantine Empire well into the 5th century AD.

References

1. ^ A geochemical isotope study focussed on distinguishing between 'anasol' and 'anasol type' Spanish and Portuguese marbles from 'green cipollino' Greek and Italian marbles (Alpi Apuane), is to be found in AA.VV. Roman Quarries of Iberian Peninsula: Anasol and Anasol-Type. PDF.
2. ^ A research group at Università di Roma "La Sapienza" within GABEC (Gruppo georisorse, ambiente e beni culturali). PDF.
3. ^ Plin., Nat.Hist., XXXVI, 48

See also

• List of types of marble

External links

• Article on cipollino marble at the Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Accademia dei Fisiocritici di Siena.
• Images of shipwrecked cipollino marble, near Porto Cesareo.