Christopher Sower (elder)

Christopher Sower house, Germantown, Pennsylvania, built 1731. Site now occupied by Trinity Lutheran Church.^[1]

Christopher Sower (German: Christophe Saur; 1693 Laasphe, near Marburg, Germany – 25 September 1758 Germantown, Pennsylvania) was a printer. He printed and published the first German-language Bible in America, the second printing of a Bible in North America.^[2][3]

Biography

He wrote his name Christophe Saur on his German publications. He was a graduate of a German university, and studied medicine at the University of Halle. He emigrated to Philadelphia in 1724, and settled in Lancaster County as a farmer.^[4] In 1731, Sower's wife, Maria Christina, joined Johann Conrad Beissel's Seventh Day Baptist community at Ephrata.^[5] She was known in Ephrata as Sister Marcella, and eventually became sub-prioress of the community. In 1744, she was persuaded to return to her husband and family. But in 1731, Maria Christina's decision disabled Sower's farming operation,^[6] and he moved with his son to Germantown where that same year he built a large dwelling for his residence.^[5] In order to supply the needs of other German-speaking people in the colonies who were liberally educated, especially in theology, he obtained Bibles and religious works from Germany.^[7]

In 1738, having obtained a printing press and supplies, he published a 24-page almanac, in German. It was continued by his descendants till 1798. In 1739 he brought out the first number of Der Hoch-Deutsch Pensylvanische Geschichts-Schreiber, a religious and secular journal, a small folio, 9 inches (230 mm) by 13 inches (330 mm), which attained a circulation of nearly 10,000, and had great influence among his countrymen. It was the first of its kind that was published in a foreign language in Pennsylvania. This was followed by a number of larger works and in 1743 by a quarto edition of the Bible in German, Luther's translation, which was limited to 1,200 copies of 1,284 pages. It was three years in press, the largest work as yet issued in the colonies, and was the first Bible printed in the American colonies, with the exception of John Eliot's Indian Bible. Thereafter his publications were very numerous, both in English and German.^[7] When he began printing, he also established the first type foundry in the colonies, and a manufactory for printer's ink. He afterward made his own paper, bound his own books, and was the inventor of many things of practical use in his business. In addition to farming and printing, he practised medicine, and manufactured tall eight-day clocks.^[4] He was an agent for Franklin cast-iron stoves. He learned clock making and the concoction of herbal medicines from Christopher Witt, a remnant of Johann Kelpius' society.^[6]

He was politically active, and frequently represented his countrymen in their intercourse with the government.^[4] He supported separation of church and state, pacifism and low taxes. He never affiliated with any religious organization.^[5] Upon his death, his business and his estate were inherited by his son, also named Christopher Sower.^[8]

See also

• Christoph Sauer

References

1. ^ Chistopher Sower House site at ushistory.org
2. ^ Packard, Frederick Adolphus (1837). The Union Bible dictionary. American Sunday-School Union. p. 552. http://books.google.com/books?id=VTMXAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA552. Retrieved 16 November 2010. 
3. ^ Watson, John (2009-12-01). Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in Olden Time. Applewood Books. p. 399. ISBN 9781429022279. http://books.google.com/books?id=OycA3b_tTE0C&pg=PA399. Retrieved 16 November 2010. 
4. ^ ^{a b c}  "Sower, Christopher". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900. 
5. ^ ^{a b c} John B. Frantz (1999). "Sower, Christopher, II". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. 
6. ^ ^{a b} George Harvey Genzmer (1928-1990). "Sower, Christopher (1693-September 25, 1758)". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Ripley, George; Dana, Charles Anderson (1862). The new American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. D. Appleton and Company. p. 690. http://books.google.com/books?id=VKxJqxd6vnkC&pg=PA690. Retrieved 19 November 2010. 
8. ^ Freedley, Edwin (2009-11-28). Philadelphia and Its Manufactures. Applewood Books. pp. 151–153. ISBN 9781429022262. http://books.google.com/books?id=FCIGDt2ccq8C&pg=PA153. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 

External links

•  "Sower, Christopher". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.  This work cites the following references:
  • Thomas, History of Printing in America (1870)
  • Ringwalt, Encyclopædia of Printing (1871)
•  "Sower, Christopher". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 

Persondata
Name	Sower, Christopher
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1693
Place of birth
Date of death	1758
Place of death