Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg

For other people named Karl Alexander, see Karl Alexander (disambiguation).

Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg
Charles Alexander of Württemberg
Spouse(s)	Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis
Noble family	House of Württemberg
Father	Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental
Mother	Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Born	24 May 1684(1684-05-24) Stuttgart
Died	12 March 1737(1737-03-12) (aged 52) Ludwigsburg

Charles Alexander of Württemberg (24 May 1684 – 12 March 1737) was a Württemberg noble from 1698 who governed the Kingdom of Serbia as regent from 1720 until 1733, when he assumed the position of Duke of Württemberg, which he had held until his death.

Biography

Born in Stuttgart, he was the eldest son of Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental, and Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach.^[1]

He succeeded his father as Duke of Württemberg-Winnental in 1698. As a successful army-commander in service of the Holy Roman Emperor, he had converted to Roman Catholicism in 1712. He was militarily successful under Prince Eugene of Savoy in the Spanish War of Succession as well as in the war against the Turks. In 1719 he was appointed imperial governor of Belgrade.

In 1720 Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI appointed him governor of the Kingdom of Serbia in Belgrade. After 13 years of autocratic reigning over Serbia, in 1733 Charles Alexander inherited the Duchy of Württemberg centered around Stuttgart from his cousin, Eberhard Louis. As Duke of Württemberg he moved the court back from Ludwigsburg to Stuttgart. He ruled over the duchy until his sudden death in 1737.

was succeeded by his nine-year-old son, Charles Eugene.

During his reign, he employed as his financier the ill-fated "Jew Süss", Joseph Oppenheimer, who was executed in 1738 for abuse of office during the reign of the duke.

He married Maria Augusta Anna of Thurn and Taxis (11 August 1706 – 1 February 1756).

Vampires

It is under Charles Alexanders' Serbian regency that the word vampire had spread from the Serbian language into German and went into global usage, due to the internationalization of the vampiric legends in Serbia that Habsburgs' officers had spread onwards.

In literature and film

Although the story of Duke Karl Alexander and Joseph Süß Oppenheimer constituted a relatively obscure episode in German history, it became the subject of a number of literary and dramatic treatments over the course of more than a century; the earliest of these having been Wilhelm Hauff's 1827 novella, titled Jud Süß.^[2] The most successful literary adaptation was Lion Feuchtwanger's 1925 novel titledJud Süß based on a play that he had written in 1916 but subsequently withdrew.

Ashley Dukes and Paul Kornfeld also wrote dramatic adaptations of the Feuchtwanger novel. In 1934, Lothar Mendes directed a film adaptation of the novel.^[3]

Charles Alexander and his relationship with Oppenheimer is fictionally portrayed in Veit Harlan's 1940 Nazi propaganda film titled Jud Süß.

Although inspired by the historical details of Süß's life, Hauff's novella, Feuchtwanger's novel, and Harlan's film only loosely correspond to the historical sources available at the Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg.

See also

• Great Turkish War

Notes

1. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica (mentioned as "Charles Alexander")
2. ^ Magill, Frank Northen (1985). Magill's survey of cinema, foreign language films. Salem Press. ISBN 978-0-89356-247-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=3GZZAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 8 November 2011. 
3. ^ Haines, B.; Parker, S. (17 March 2010). AESTHETICS AND POLITICS IN MODERN GERMAN CULTURE. Peter Lang. pp. 42-44. ISBN 978-3-03911-355-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=GLo0EG6yuAAC&pg=PA44. Retrieved 27 October 2011. 

Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg House of Württemberg Born: 24 May 1684 Died: 12 March 1737
Regnal titles
Preceded by post established territory governed by General Joseph O'Dwuyer	imperial regent of Kingdom of Serbia 1720 – 1733	Succeeded by Charles Christoph of Schmettau
Preceded by Eberhard Louis	Duke of Württemberg-Stuttgart 1733 – 1737	Succeeded by Charles II Eugene

Persondata
Name	Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg
Alternative names	Karl Alexander, Herzog von Württemberg (German)
Short description	Duke of Württemberg (1733-1737)
Date of birth	26 May 1684
Place of birth	Stuttgart
Date of death	12 March 1737
Place of death	Ludwigsburg