Bucket-brigade device

A bucket brigade or bucket-brigade device (BBD) is a discrete-time analogue delay line,^[1] developed in 1969 by F. Sangster and K. Teer of the Philips Research Labs. It consists of a series of capacitance sections C₀ to C_n. The stored analogue signal is moved along the line of capacitors, one step at each clock cycle.

In most signal processing applications, bucket brigades have been replaced by devices that use digital signal processing, manipulating samples in digital form. Bucket brigades still see use in specialty applications, such as guitar effects.

The name comes from analogy with the term bucket brigade, used for a line of people passing buckets of water.

A well-known integrated circuit device around 1980, the Reticon SAD-1024^[2] implemented two 512-stage analog delay lines in a 16-pin DIP. It allowed clock frequencies ranging from 1.5 kHz to more than 1.5 MHz. The SAD-512 was a single delay line version. The Philips Semiconductors TDA1022^[3] similarly offered a 512-stage delay line but with a clock rate range of 5-500 kHz. Other common BBD chips include the Panasonic MN3005^[4], MN3007^[5] and MN3205^[6], with the primary differences being the available delay time.

In 2009, the guitar effects pedal manufacturer Visual Sound recommissioned production of the Panasonic-designed MN3102^[7] and MN3207^[8] BBD chip that it offers for sale.^[9]

Despite being analog in their representation of individual signal voltage samples, these devices are discrete in the time domain and thus are limited by the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem; both the input and output signals are generally low-pass filtered. The input must be low-pass filtered to avoid aliasing effects, while the output is low-pass filtered for reconstruction. (A low-pass is used as an approximation to the Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula.)

The concept of the bucket-brigade device led to the charge-coupled device (CCD) developed by Bell Labs.

References

1. ^ Eugene Trundle (1999). Newnes television and video engineer's pocket book (3rd ed.). Newnes. p. 123. ISBN 9780750641944. http://books.google.com/books?id=gPZIhTsP7BkC&pg=PA123&dq=bucket+bbd&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=0&ei=m8F0SqqACZOilQS015F7#v=onepage&q=bucket%20bbd&f=false. 
2. ^ "SAD-1024 DUAL ANALOG DELAY LINE". http://www.geofex.com/sad1024.htm. 
3. ^ "Bucket Brigade DELAY LINE for Analogue Signals". http://www.synthdiy.com/files/2003/TDA1022-b.pdf. 
4. ^ "MN3005 4096-Stage Long Delay BBD". http://www.synthdiy.com/files/2003/MN3005.pdf. 
5. ^ "MN3007 1024-Stage Low Noise BBD". http://www.synthdiy.com/files/2003/mn3007.pdf. 
6. ^ "MN3205 4096-Stage Low Voltage Operation Low Noise BBD". http://www.synthdiy.com/files/2003/MN3205.pdf. 
7. ^ "MN3102 CMOS Clock Generator/Driver for Low Voltage BBD". http://www.synthdiy.com/files/2003/MN3102.pdf. 
8. ^ "MN3207 1024-Stage Low Voltage Operation Low Noise BBD". http://www.synthdiy.com/files/2003/MN3207.pdf. 
9. ^ [1]

• Theuwissen, A. (1995). Solid-State Imaging with Charge-Coupled Devices.