Chaplain general

This article focuses on the term "Chaplain General" within the Anglican Church. For information about the use of this term in numerous militaries around the world, see the Chaplain general section of military chaplain

In the Anglican Church, chaplains general are the seniormost Anglican chaplains in otherwise non-Anglican organizations. Chaplains general are most commonly appointed in Commonwealth Realms, and are responsible for conducting religious services and ceremonies, and generally representing the Anglican faith in an organization.

During World War I, the chaplain-general John Taylor Smith was equivalent to a major general and under the control of the Permanent Under-Secretary of State. Llewellyn Henry Gwynne was from July 1915 deputy chaplain-general of the army in France, with the relative rank of major-general.

During World War II the head of chaplaincy in the British Army was an (Anglican) chaplain-general]], who was formally under the control of the Permanent Under-Secretary of State.^[1] An Assistant Chaplain-General was a Chaplain 1st class (full Colonel) and a senior Chaplain was a Chaplain 2nd class (Lieutenant Colonel).^[2]

In 1948 the first Bishop to the Forces was appointed; the Bishop is a suffragan of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the full title of the Bishop to the Forces is "The Archbishop of Canterbury's Episcopal Representative to the Armed Forces". The Bishop to the Forces is not a military chaplain.^[3] The current holder of the office is the Right Reverend Stephen Venner. There is sometimes confusion between the (Anglican) "Bishop to the Forces" and the (Roman Catholic) "Bishop of the Forces": for this reason the latter is normally given his title in full, i.e. "The Roman Catholic Bishop of the Forces".^[4]

Each of the three armed services has a chief chaplain (ranking as an archdeacon), for the navy the Chaplain of the Fleet, for the army the Chaplain-General, and for the Royal Air Force the Chaplain-in-Chief.^[5]

The Museum of Army Chaplaincy holds archive material and information relating to the history of the Chaplains General to the British Army both past and present.

Outside Anglicanism

Chaplain General is also used as a term outside the Anglican Church, referring to the senior chaplain in a nation's military (sometimes called the Chief of Chaplains, as in the United States military). Some nations, like South Africa, Israel, and Canada, have one Chaplain General or Chief of Chaplains for the military as a whole; others, like the United States, have one for each branch of the armed forces; while others have one for each major religion or faith group represented among its military personnel.

Chaplains General and Bishops to the Forces

Chaplains-Geneal

• Cox Edghill (1885–1901)
• John Taylor Smith (1901–1925)
• Alfred Jarvis (1925–1931)
• Ernest Thorold (1931–1939)
• Charles Symons (1939–1944)
• Llewelyn Hughes (1944–1951)
• Victor Pike (1951–1960)
• Ivan Neill (1960–1966)
• John Ross Youens (ca. 1972)
• Peter Mallett
• William Francis Johnston (?–1988)
• James Harkness (1988–1995) (Presbyterian, first non-Anglican Chaplain-General)
• Victor Dobbin (1995–2000)
• John Blackburn
• David Wilkes
• Stephen Robbins

Bishops to the Forces

• Cuthbert Bardsley (1948–1956)
• Stanley Betts (1956–1966)
• John Hughes (1966–1977)
• Stuart Snell (1977–1984)
• Ronald Gordon (1985–1990)
• David John Smith (1990–1992)
• John Kirkham (1992–2001)
• David Conner (2001–2009)
• Stephen Venner (2009–present)

See also

• Royal Army Chaplains' Department (RAChD) (U.K.)
• Chaplain Branch (Canadian Forces)
• Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States
• Military chaplain#Annual International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference
• Military chaplain#Military chaplains by country

References

1. ^ C. D. Symons, Chaplain-General to the Forces, 1939-44
2. ^ Brumwell, P. Middleton (1943) The Army Chaplain: the Royal Army Chaplains' Department; the duties of chaplains and morale. London: Adam & Charles Black
3. ^ Crockford's Clerical Directory 2008/2009 (100th ed.), London: Church House Publishing ISBN 978-0-7151-1030-0
4. ^ [1]. The Catholic Church in England and Wales: the Bishopric of the Forces. Retrieved on 9 September 2010.
5. ^ Whitaker's Almanack; 1972; 1988. London: J. Whitaker & Sons; pp. 459; (1988) 464