Orders, decorations, and medals of Trinidad and Tobago

The National Awards of Trinidad and Tobago consist of:

• The Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago - the country's highest award.
• The Chaconia Medal of the Order of the Trinity - in Gold, Silver or Bronze
• The Humming Bird Medal of the Order of the Trinity - in Gold Silver and Bronze
• The Public Service Medal of Merit of the Order of the Trinity - in Gold, Silver and Bronze

Holders of the various awards are allowed to place the letters T.C. (Trinity Cross), C.M. (Chaconia Medal), H.B.M. (Humming Bird Medal) or M.O.M. (Medal of Merit).

These awards were introduced following independence in 1962 to replace the honours available to citizens of the British Empire. They were approved in 1967 and first awarded in 1969.

Source-press releases from the Office of the prime Minister, Trindad and Tobago, Public Relations Division. Press release No. 374 dated 4 July 1969. The cabinet accepted the decision made by the national awards designs Selection Committee which selected the designs submitted by the following persons:

1. Ms. Wilhelmina McDowell, who designed the Trinity Cross

2. Mrs. A. Jardine, who designed the Chaconia Medal and

3. The designers of Messrs. Y. DeLima and Co. Limited who conceptualised the Humming Bird Medal.

Awardees

2008 Awardees

Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

• Professor Brian Copeland - Professor
• Mr. Bertram “Bertie” Lloyd Marshall - Steelpan Innovator
• Mr. Anthony Williams - Steelpan Innovator

2006 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• none awarded

Chaconia Medal

• The 2006 World Cup squad and management (Gold)
  • Ivee Pendo
  • Sherie Leen Surla
  • Roda Andrade
  • Haide Esparrago
  • Therese Ann Dizon
  • Marvin Andrews
  • Chris Birchall
  • Atiba Charles
  • Ian Cox
  • Carlos Edwards
  • Cornell Glen
  • Cyd Gray
  • Shaka Hislop
  • Clayton Ince
  • Kelvin Jack
  • Avery John
  • Stern John
  • Kenwyne Jones
  • Russell Latapy
  • Dennis Lawrence
  • Collin Samuel
  • Brent Sancho
  • Jason Scotland
  • Densill Theobald
  • Aurtis Whitley
  • Evans Wise
  • Anthony Wolfe
  • Dwight Yorke
  • Leo Beenhakker (coach)
• Professor David Picou MD (Gold)
• Professor Hubert Daisley (Gold)
• Glenn Erwin Tucker (Gold)
• William Laurence Chen (Silver)

Humming Bird Medal

• Anetta Archer (Gold)
• Feroza Rose Mohammed (Gold)
• Indi-Art Orchestra Musical Orchestra (Gold)
• Soroptimist International of Port-of-Spain (Gold)
• The Toco Foundation Organisation (Gold)
• Elizabeth Helena Percy (Silver), (posthumous)
• Cousilla Persad (Silver)
• Carlton Phillip (Silver)
• Ralph St Clair Davies (Silver)
• Kelvin Guy Choy Aming (Silver)
• Gary Straker's Pan School Organisation (Silver)
• Edwin Joseph Skinner (Silver)
• Dudnath Ramkeesoon (Silver)
• Renny Quow (Silver)
• Rhonda Watkins (Silver)

Public Service Medal of Merit

• Deosaran Jagroo (Gold)
• Andrew Llewellyn Tyson (Gold) (posthumous)
• Carol Clark (Gold)
• Victoria Mendez-Charles (Gold)
• Paula Hazel-Dawn Daniel (Gold)
• Jagdeo Maharaj (Gold)
• Valerie Minnie (Silver) (posthumous)
• Irma Sanowar (Silver)

2005 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Edwin Carrington, Caricom Secretary General.

Chaconia Medal

• Keith Chiang Awong (Gold)
• Prof Andrew Madan Ramroop (Gold)
• Justice Lionel Jones (Gold)
• Dr Aleem Mohammed (Gold)
• Carol Keller (Gold)
• Bertille St Clair (Silver)
• Francis Mungroo (Silver)
• Rudranath Indarsingh (Silver)
• Edward Henry Sealey (Silver)

Humming Bird Medal

• Noble Douglas (Gold)
• Elise Joseph (Gold)
• Edward Beharry (Gold)
• John Frankie Asche (Gold)
• Sedley Joseph (Gold)
• Trinidad Steel Percussion Orchestra (Gold)
• Heeralal Rampartap (Silver)
• Wayne Naranjit (posthumous) (Silver)
• Molly Boxhill (Silver)
• Bill Trotman (Silver)
• Kirk Fakira (Silver)
• Michael Marcellin (Silver)
• Alix Archer De Silva (Silver)
• Peter Samuel (Silver)
• Ria Ramnarine (Silver)

Public Service Medal of Merit

• Yolande Gooding (Gold)
• Sr Petronella Joseph (Gold)
• Hyacinth McDowall (Gold)
• Ahmed Ali (Gold)
• Annette Alfred (Gold)
• John Antoine (Gold)
• J David Ramkeesoon (Gold)
• Nature Seekers (Gold)
• MOMS for Literacy (Caribbean) (Gold)
• Mother’s Union Children’s Home (Gold)
• Louise Angelina Mc Intosh (Gold)
• Myra Catherine Greaves (Silver)
• Daisy Maria James McClean (Silver)
• Gloria Elizabeth Nurse (Silver)

2004 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• none awarded

Chaconia Medal

• Stephen Ames (Gold)
• Arthur Lok Jack (Gold)
• Zadia Rajnauth (Gold)
• Sarah Whiteman (Gold)
• Malcolm Jones (Gold)
• Joan Massiah (Gold)
• George Bovell (Gold)

• Fenrick De Four (posthumous) (Silver)
• Malick Folk Performing Company, Dance Company (Silver)
• Clico Shiv Shakti Dance Company, Dance Company (Silver)

Humming Bird Medal

• Cynthia Bell (Gold)
• Alyson Brown (Gold)
• Roy Cape (Gold)
• Barnabas Ramon-Fortune (Gold)
• Felix Roach (Gold)
• The WR Torres Foundation for the Blind (Gold)
• Edward Williams, (Posthumous) (Gold)
• Jacqueline Koon How (Gold)

• Veera Bhajan (Silver)
• Vishwanath Arjoon (Silver)
• Raj Karan Jadoo (Silver)
• Emmanuel Juman (Silver)
• The Lara Brothers Parang Group (Silver)
• Albert 'Al' Ramsawack (Silver)
• Chandardath Sookram (Silver)
• Rhonda Charles (Silver)

Medal of Merit

• Joseph Allard (Gold)
• Cislyn Baptiste (Gold)
• Pamella Benson (Gold)
• Carl de Souza (Posthumous) (Gold)
• Kenneth Phillip (Gold)
• Frank Porter (Gold)

2003 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Ken Julien

Chaconia Medal

• André Tanker (Gold) (posthumously)
• Robert Riley (Gold)

Humming Bird Medal

• George Bovell (Gold)
• Winston Bailey ("Shadow") (Silver)
• Jean Talma (Silver)
• Wayne Crooks (Silver)

Medal of Merit

• Shireen Dewan-Mc Ken (Silver)

2002 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• The Right Honourable Dr. Eric Eustace Williams

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Prof. Hylton McFarlance
• Professor Thomas Ainsworth Harewood
• Trevor Michael Boopsingh
• Arthur Reginald Roberts (Posthumous)

2001 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Vindar Rabindrath Dean-Maharaj
• Dr. Iqbal Mohammed
• Dr. Rajandaye Ramkissoon-Chen
• Mr. Colin Laird

2000 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Archbishop Anthony Pantin [ Posthumous]

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Annette Des Isles
• Dr. Neville Jankey
• Courtney Andrew Walsh
• Patrick Brennan Burke
• Professor Harrinath D. Maharaj
• Dr. Norbert Masson

1999 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Dr. Henry Wesley Moulton Collymore MBBS, FRCS
• Chief Eleazar Chukwuemeka Anyaoku, Con Adazie of Obosi, Ogwumba of Idemili (Honorary)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Justice Zainool Hosein
• Trevor A. Lee (SC)
• Dwight Yorke
• Lawrence Duprey
• Dr Tim Dhanraj Gopeesingh

1998 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Bowles, Sylvan [Posthumous]

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Sharma, Justice Satnarine (Mr.)
• Ibrahim, Justice Mustapha (Mr.)
• Fitzwilliam, Wendy (Miss)
• Sabga, Anthony Norman (Mr.)

1997 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Robinson, Arthur N. R. (His Excellency)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Boldon, Ato Jabari (Mr.)
• Davis, James Anthony (Hon. Mr. Justice)
• Gopeesingh, Lloyd Balraj (Hon. Mr. Justice) [Posthumous]
• Hubah, Clarence Evans (Dr.) - M.B.E.
• Lalla, Kenneth Ramsanta (Mr.) - S.C.
• Thomas, Christopher Roy (Mr.)
• Tim Pow, Ainsley Vincent Maurice (Mr.)

1996 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• De la Bastide, Michael Anthony (Mr.)
• Minshall, Peter (Mr.)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Andrews, John Peter (Mr.)
• Gomez, Gerald Ethridge (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Petrotrin Invaders Steel Orchestra
• Pierre, Lennox Oscar (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Queen's Park Cricket Club
• Ramchand, Kenneth (Professor)

1995 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Bishop, Patricia Alison (Miss) - H.B.M.
• Pantin, Gerard Arthur (Fr.) - C.S.Sp.

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Alcantara, Joyce Angela (Miss)
• Furness-Smith, John Gerald (Mr.) - S.C.
• Ramadhin, Sonny (Mr.)
• Selvon, Samuel Dickson (Mr.) [Posthumous]

1994 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Lara, Brian (Mr.)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Bobb, Euric (Dr.) - Ph.D.
• De Leon "Roaring Lion", Rafael (Mr.)
• Pitt-Miller, Phyllis Leonora (Dr.)

1993 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Hassanali, Noor M. (His Excellency)
• Walcott, Derek (Mr.) (Honorary)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Barrow, Russell William (Dr.)
• Barsotti, Frank Andral (Mr.) - M.A. Cantab
• Francisco "Mighty Sparrow", Slinger (Mr.)
• James, Alphonso Philbert Theophilus (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Jorsling, Mc Donald Phillip (Mr.)
• Roopnarinesingh, Syam Sundar (Professor)
• Sawh, Lall Ramnath (Dr.)

1992 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Addo, Edward Adotey (Dr.)
• AMOCO Renegades Steel Orchestra
• Griffith, Elton George (The Most Reverend His Grace Dr.)
• Henry, Mervyn Ulrick (Dr.)
• John, Selwyn Alfred (Mr.)
• Marshall, Bertie Lloyd (Mr.)
• Murray, Lance Esme Hamilton (Mr.)
• Vyas, Ramdath (Pundit)
• WITCO Desperadoes Steel Orchestra
• Wong Sang, Joyce Angela (Mrs.)

1991 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• The Regiment of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force
• The Trinidad and Tobago Police Service

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Freeman, William E. (Mr.) [Posthumous] - B.Sc. (Lond), A.R.C.S.
• Glean, Vernon (Mr.)
• Knox, Wilfred Sidney (Mr.)
• Media Association of Trinidad and Tobago
• Naraynsingh, Vijay (Dr.)
• Neehall, John Edward (Dr.)
• Norton, Noel Patrick (Mr.)
• Richards, Rolf (Professor)
• The Trinidad and Tobago Fire Service
• The Trinidad and Tobago Prison Service

1990 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Aziz, Mohammed Ali (Dr.)
• Busby, George O.D. (Dr.)
• Campbell, Alton A. (Mr.)
• Des Iles, Gerard Emmanuel (Hon. Mr. Justice)
• Deyalsingh, Lennox (Hon. Mr. Justice)
• Lai-Fook, Arthur E. (Rev. Fr.)
• Mahase, Anna (Dr.)
• Ratan, Premchand N. (Dr.)
• Sinanan, Ashford (Mr.)

1989 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Mc Burnie, Beryl Eugenia (Dr.) - H.B.M.
• Naipaul, Vidia S. (Mr.) - H.B.M.

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Boswell-Inniss, Kathleen Sheila (Mrs.)
• Capildeo, Simbhoonath (Mr.)
• Ghouralal, Samuel (Dr.)
• Ince, Winston Edghill (Dr.)

1988 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Demas, William Gilbert (Mr.)
• Duprey, Cyril (Mr.)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Abidh, Stella (Dr.)
• Hosein, Inayat (Mr.)
• Lequay, Alloy (Mr.)
• Lovelace, Earl (Mr.)
• Narine, Ralph (Justice)
• Omah-Maharajh, Deonarayan (Dr.) - President General of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha
• Sammy, George (Professor) [Posthumous]
• Warner, Alcalde (Justice)

1987 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Bernard, Clinton (The Hon. Mr. Justice)
• James, C.L.R. (Mr.)
• Pan Trinbago
• Weekes, George (Mr.)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Butler, Knolly (Professor)
• Byam, Neville (Dr.)
• Carrington, Edwin (Mr.)
• La Ronde, Giselle (Miss)
• Rambachand, Anand (Professor)
• Stewart, Leslie "Tiger" (Mr.)

1986 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Alleyne, Doddridge Henry Newton (Mr.)
• Lewis, James O'Neil (Mr.) (Awarded in 1974)
• Rampersad, Frank Budhoo (Mr.)

1985 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Kelsick, Cecil (The Hon. Mr. Justice)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Braithwaite, John (Mr.)
• Seignoret, Eustace (Mr.)
• Seukeran, Lionel Frank (Mr.)

1984 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Wooding, Hugh Arthur Selby (Mr.)

1983 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Cross, Ulric, (Mr.)
• Rees, Evan (Mr.)
• Sosa, Thomas Gregorio (Mr.)

1982 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Hosein, Tajmool (Mr.)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Annisette, Emmanuel B. (Mr.)
• Besson, Herman Alexander (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Bramble, Cecil (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Crichlow, Verna Mercedes (Mrs.) [Posthumous]
• Lewis, Anthony Clyde (Mr.)
• Noel, Claude Benjamin (Mr.)
• Pollonais, Rene Joseph (Mr.)
• Richardson, Reginald Kenneth (Dr.)

1981 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Teshea, Isabella (Mrs.) [Posthumous]

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Corbin, Maurice (Mr.)
• Date-Camps, Ada (Dr.)
• Harnarayan, Percival (Mr.)
• Kirton, Gertrude (Mrs.)
• Padmore, Marjorie (Miss) [Posthumous]
• Scott, Garvin (Mr.)

1980 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Bruce, Victor (Mr.) - H.B.M.
• Burroughs, Randolph (Mr.) - M.O.M.
• Gregoire, Errol (Mr.)
• Williams, Mervyn (Commander) - M.O.M.

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Bonnett, Lionel (Mr.) - Chairman, Tobago County Council
• Chadee, Dalton (Mr.) - Former Alderman and Deputy Mayor of San Fernando Borough Council
• Mahabir, Bisram (Dr.)
• Quamina, Elizabeth (Dr.)
• Roopnarine, Errol (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Scott, Winfield (Mr.)
• Spence, John A. [Professor]
• Wilson, Oswald (Mr.)

1979 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Montano, Gerard (Mr.)
• Phillips, Clement Ewart Gladstone (Mr.)
• Pierre, Eugenia Theodosia (Mrs.) - C.M.T., H.B.M.
• Sinanan, Mitra G. (Mr.)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Blackman, Ingrid (Mrs.)
• Burke-Brown, Angela (Mrs.)
• Castagne, Patrick Stanislaus (Mr.)
• Castanada, Peggy (Miss)
• Charleau, Heather (Miss)
• Charles, Cyrenia (Mrs.)
• Dimsoy, Marcia (Miss)
• Gatcliffe, Thomas (Mr.)
• Lutchman, Solomon (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Nurse, Jennifer (Miss)
• Peters, Sherril (Mrs.)
• Phelps, Harry Orville (Professor)
• Pierre, Eugenia Theodosia (Mrs.)
• Prescod, Veryl (Miss)
• Sellier, Robert (Mr.)
• Stollmeyer, Jeffrey (Mr.)
• Thomas-Luces, Althea (Mrs.)
• Williams, Jennifer (Miss)

1978 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Serrette, Joffre Charles Harold (Brigadier)
• Solomon, Patrick Vincent Joseph (Dr.)
• Wharton, Joseph Algernon (Mr.) - Q.C.

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Dolly, Reynold Cartright (Dr.)
• Galt, Kenneth Victor (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Garcia, Ignacio Adrian (Mr.)
• Murray, Eric Hugh (Mr.)
• Patrick, Alan Leslie (Dr.)
• Rostant, Louis Gerald (Mr.)
• Seemungal, Lionel Augustine (Mr.) - S.C., M.A., LL.B. (Cantab.)

1977 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Ali, Wahid (Dr.)
• Amoroso, Emmanuel Ciprian (Professor)
• Commissiong, Janelle Penny (Miss)
• Reece, Alan (Sir)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Bailey, Emmanuel Mc Donald (Mr.)
• Duprey, Cyril (Mr.)
• Ghany, Noor Mohammed (Mr.)
• Holder, Joseph Hamiltion (Mr.)
• Inglefield, Geoffrey Robert (Mr.)
• Murray, Arthur (Mr.)
• Richards, George Maxwell (Mr.)

1976 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Crawford, Hasely Joachim
• Maingot, Rodney
• Pitt, David Thomas (Lord)
• Thomasos, Clytus Arnold

Chaconia Medal

• Barcant, Malcolm (Gold)
• Beaubrun, Michael Herbert (Gold)
• Dieffenthaller, Raymond Edwin (Gold)
• McNish, Althea (Mrs. John Weiss) (Gold)
• Reece, Erna (Gold)
• Ward, Joshua Emmanuel (Gold)
• Hingwan, Edwin (posthumous) (Silver)

1975 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Bartholomew, Courtenay (Dr.)
• Crichlow, Nathaniel (Senator)
• Dymally, Mervyn (Senator)
• Henry, Zin (Dr.)
• Hudson-Phillips, Henry (Mr.) - Q.C.
• Lloyd, Clive (Mr.) (Honorary)
• Murray, Deryck (Mr.)
• Poon King, Theodosius (Dr.)
• Robinson, Harold (Sir)
• Walls, Victor (Rev. Dr.)

1974 Awardees

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Blackman, Fitzgerald (Alderman) [Posthumous]
• De la Bastide, Karl Phillipe De Jacques (Justice)
• Gibbs, Lance (Mr.) (Honorary)
• Julien, Bernard (Mr.)
• Kanhai, Rohan (Mr.) (Honorary)
• Pierre, Joseph Henry (Sir)
• Rowe, Lawrence (Mr.) (Honorary)
• Wattley, George Hippolyte (Dr.)

1973 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• La Borde, Charles Harold (Mr.)
• La Borde, Mary Kwailan (Mrs.)
• Boos, Werner James (Sir) - [Posthumous] - C.B.E.
• Hyatali, Isaac (The Honourable Sir)

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Archbald-Crichlow, Beryl May (Mrs.)
• Armoogam, George Victor (Mr.)
• Atteck, Sybil (Miss)
• O'Connor, Quintin (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Vaucrosson, Walter Ferdinand (Dr.)
• Waite, Joan Teresa (Sister)

1972 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Archbald, Rupert Carlyle (Mr.) - Q.C.
• Marcano, George Roderick (Dr.)
• Sobers, Garfield St. Auburn (Mr.) - [Honorary]

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Boucard, Dennis (Mr.)
• Girwar, Norman (Mr.)
• Mc Naughton-Jones, Cynthia (Mrs.)

1971 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Barboza, Mario Gibson (Mr.)
• Constantine, Learie (Baron) - [Posthumous]
• Maurice, Julius Hamilton (Mr.)
• Mc Shine, Arthur Hugh (Sir) - Kt. Bach.

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Francis, Aldwin Gerard (Dr.)
• Hoyte, Ralph Allan St. Clair (Dr.)
• Johnstone, Helen May (Mrs.) - C.B.E.
• Julien, Kenneth (Professor)
• Julien, Mark Thomas Inskip (Senator)
• Lewis, Leon Ferdinand Earle (Dr.)

1970 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Butler, Tubal Uriah Buzz (Mr.)
• Granado, Mr. Donald C. (His Excellency)
• Richards, George (Mr.) - Q.C.

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Best, Wilfred D. (Mr.)
• Lee Lum, Edwin (Mr.)
• Pilgrim, Grant E. (Mr.)
• Robertson, Elbert S. (Dr.)
• Wyke, David A. (Dr.)

1969 Awardees

Trinity Cross

• Capildeo, Rudranath (Dr.)
• Clarke, Ellis (Sir) - C.M.G., Q.C.
• Hochoy, Solomon (His Excellency Sir) - G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., O.B.E.
• Ryan, Finbar (His Excellency Count) - O.P.
• Wooding, Hugh (The Right Honourable Sir) - P.C., C.B.E., Q.C.

Chaconia Medal (Gold)

• Brathwaite, Lloyd (Professor)
• Graf, Leonard Joseph (Reverend Father)
• Grant, Kenneth Lindsay (Sir) - O.B.E.
• Harper, John A.V. (Mr.) [Posthumous]
• Jeffers, Audrey (Miss) [Posthumous]
• Maharaj, Pundit Karoo Ojah - M.B.E.
• Mc Shine, Louis Anselm Halsey (Mr.) - C.B.E.
• Waterman, James A. (Dr.) - O.B.E.

Constitutional controversy

On 17 April 2008 the Cabinet agreed that the name of the highest national award should be The Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, that the name of the Society to replace the Order of the Trinity should be The Distinguished Society of Trinidad and Tobago, that the highest national award should be re-designed so as to replace the Cross with a Medal and that the Letters Patent should be amended to give effect to those decisions.

Subsequently, in Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha of Trinidad and Tobago Inc & Ors v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago [2009] UKPC 17 (28 April 2009) the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, on appeal from the Court of Appeal of Trinidad and Tobago, held that the creation of the Trinity Cross of the Order of the Trinity breached the constitutional rights of non-Christians to equality and to freedom of conscience and belief. However, the Council also made a declaration that the judgment should not have retrospective effect: nothing in this judgment should be taken to apply to any awards of this high honour that were made under the system that the Letters Patent established before the date of the.. judgment. (per Lord Hope of Craighead at para 42).

External links

• Privy Council judgment
• National Awards