Topic outline of linguistics

Topic outline of linguistics

:"For a more comprehensive list, see the List of linguistics topics."

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. Linguistics can be theoretical or applied.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to linguistics:

Essence of linguistics

: "Main article: Linguistics"

Branches of linguistics

* Theoretical linguistics
* Applied linguistics

Subfields of linguistics

* Computational linguistics
* Comparative linguistics
* Dialectology
* Etymology
* Grammar
* Historical linguistics
* Interlinguistics
* Language didactics
* Lexicology
* Linguistic statistics
* Linguistic typology
* Morphology
* Phonetics
* Phonology
* Pragmatics
* Psycholinguistics
* Semantics
* Sociolinguistics

Schools, movements, and approaches of linguistics

* Cognitive linguistics
* Danish School
* Functionalism
* Generative linguistics
* Geneva School
* Neo-Grammarians
* Prague School
* Prescription and description
* Soviet linguistics
* Stratificational linguistics
* Structuralism
* Systemic linguistics
* SIL International
* [http://personal.bgsu.edu/~edwards/tags.html Tagmemics]

History of linguistics

: "Main article: History of linguistics"

Timeline of discovery of basic linguistics concepts

"When were the basic concepts first described and by whom?"
*
* Ancient Greek study of language
* Roman elaborations of Greek study
* Medieval philosophical work in Latin
* Beginnings of modern linguistics in the 19th century
* Behaviorism and mental "tabula rasa" hypothesis
* Chomsky and functionalism
* Generative grammar leads to generative phonology and semantics
* Birth of Nicaraguan Sign Language
* Alternate syntactic systems develop in 80s
* Computational linguistics becomes feasible the late 80s
* Neurolinguistics and the biological basis of cognition
* Controversy over Pirahã number conception

Basic questions in linguistics

"What are the basic questions asked in linguistics?"
# What is language?
# How did it/does it evolve?
# How does language serve as a medium of communication?
# How does language serve as a medium of thinking?
# What is common to all languages?
# How do languages differ?
# Is X a language or a dialect?

(The answers are not necessarily basic or easy to understand.)

Basic concepts

"What basic concepts / terms do I have to know to talk about linguistics?"
* Morphology
** morpheme, inflection, paradigm, derivation, compound
* Phonology
** phoneme, segment, syllable, foot, stress
* Grammar
** tense, aspect, grammatical number, grammatical gender, declension
* Syntax
** phrase, clause, grammatical function, grammatical voice
* Semantics
** entailment, truth condition, compositionality
* Pragmatics
** presupposition, implicature, deixis

Languages of the world

Languages by country

Linguistics scholars

"People who had a significant influence on the development of the field"
* Benjamin Lee Whorf
* Claude Levi-Strauss
* Edward Sapir
* Ferdinand de Saussure
* Franz Bopp
* August Schleicher
* John Langshaw Austin
* John R. Searle
* Louis Hjelmslev
* Kenneth L. Pike
* M.A.K. Halliday
* Noam Chomsky
*
* Rasmus Rask
* Roman Jakobson
* Sir William Jones
* Noah Webster

Linguistics lists

: "Main article: List of linguistics topics"

See also

* Number of words in English

External links

* [http://www.glottopedia.org Glottopedia, MediaWiki-based encyclopedia of linguistics, under construction]
* [http://www.lsadc.org/info/ling-fields.cfm Subfields according to the Linguistic Society of America]
* [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/index.htm Glossary of linguistic terms] and [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossary_fe/ French<->English glossary] at SIL International
* [http://www.unizar.es/departamentos/filologia_inglesa/garciala/bibliography.html "Linguistics" section] of A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology, ed. J. A. García Landa (University of Zaragoza, Spain)
* Linguistics and language-related wiki articles on [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Language Scholarpedia] and [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Linguistics Citizendium]


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