William Kenrick (writer)

William Kenrick (1725?- 10 June 1779) was an English novelist, playwright, translator and satirist, who spent much of his career libelling and lampooning his fellow writers.

Life and career

Kenrick was born at Watford, Hertfordshire, son of a stay-maker. He apparently obtained a doctorate at Leiden University (although other sources maintain he went to a Scottish university) and appeared for the first time as a pamphletist in 1751 where he wrote, under the name of "Ontologos", "The Grand Question debated; or an Essay to prove that the Soul of Man is not, neither can it be Immortal." In typical fashion, Kenrick forthwith provided an answer to this question proving the reverse, a tactic he often used in order to publicize his productions.

One of his first targets was the vulnerable Christopher Smart whose poem "Night Piece" he attacked in the London monthly journal "The Kapelion; or Poetical Ordinary, consisting of Great Variety of Dishes in Prose and Verse, recommended to all who have a Good Taste or Keen Appetite" in 1750 under the "nom de plume" Whimsey Banter.

In 1752 Kenrick publicly mocked Henry Fielding and Tobias Smollett in his entertainment "Fun: a Parodi-tragi-comical Satire", a parody of Macbeth in which the weird sisters circle about their cauldron, throwing in contemporary novels, periodicals and pamphlets. The play was banned by the Lord Mayor however "as it was to have been perform’d at the Castle-Tavern, Pater-noster-Row, on Thursday, February 13, 1752, but Suppressed, by a Special Order from the Lord-Mayor and Court of Aldermen." (see the Paper War of 1752-1753).

Success

Kenrick's most successful work, reprinted in over 20 editions, was a courtesy book published in 1753 under the title "The Whole Duty of a Woman; or, A Guide to the Female Sex, from the Age of Sixteen to Sixty, &c.", but the author was simply listed as “A Lady.” Kenrick here assumed the persona of a fallen woman, now reformed, who wants to persuade other women to live a life of virtue. The irony of Kenrick's presuming to improve the moral tone of feminine England has not gone unnoticed: he has been described as "one of London’s most despised, drunken, and morally degenerate hack writers in the later eighteenth century." ["William Kendrick's 'Courtesy Book' ", Paul Fussell Jr., PMLA LXVI, pp.538-540]

In 1758 appeared his versified "Epistles, Philosophical and Moral", an "avowed defence of infidelity" which afford the best specimens of his poetry. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1823]

In November 1759, Kenrick (the "superlative scoundrel" [Joan C. Beal, "English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth Century", Clarendon Press, 1999] ) succeeded Oliver Goldsmith as editor of "The Monthly Review". He signalled his advent by writing an outrageous attack upon Goldsmith's "Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe". His vilification was so unjustified that Ralph Griffiths (the publisher) made an indirect apology for his successor by a favourable though brief review (in June, 1762) of "The Citizen of the World". [John Louis Haney, "Early Reviews of English Poets", Egerton Press, Philadelphia 1904, introduction, p.xxi]

Publications and works

Kenrick published his translation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Julie, ou La Nouvelle Héloïse" in 1761. In spite of the fact that he substituted throughout the name of Eloisa for that of Julie ("a matter of no importance to the reader", as he wrote [ "Eloisa: Or, a Series of Original Letters Collected and Published by J. J. Rousseau. Translated from the French". London: R. Griffiths, T. Becket, P. A. De Hondt, 1761, 4 vols.)] ), the work was a success and enjoyed six reprintings up to 1776.

In 1765 Kenrick published "A Review of Dr Johnson's new edition of Shakspeare: in which the Ignorance, or Inattention, of that Editor is exposed, and the Poet defended from the Persecution of his Commentators". James Boswell reported that "Johnson was virulently attacked by Mr. William Kenrick, who obtained the degree of LL.D. from a Scotch University, and wrote for the booksellers in a great variety of branches. Though he certainly was not without considerable merit, he wrote with so little regard to decency and principles, and decorum, and in so hasty a manner, that his reputation was neither extensive nor lasting. I remember one evening, when some of his works were mentioned, Dr. Goldsmith said, he had never heard of them; upon which Dr. Johnson observed, 'Sir, he is one of the many who have made themselves publick, without making themselves known.' " [James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Clarendon Press, 1897] .

"Falstaff’s Wedding," a comic sequel to Henry IV, Part 2) written in imitation of Shakespeare was written in 1760. The play only staged once, in 1766, and was revived infrequently.

"The Widowed Wife" (1767) was better received: it staged for 14 nights and resumed the next season. ["Thomas Davies, "Memoirs of the Life of David Garrick, Esq.", London 1782 vol.2, p.132]

In 1770 and 1771 Kenrick published two pieces on perpetual motion: "An account of the Automaton, or Perpetual Motion of Orffyreus" and "A Lecture on the Perpetual Motion". Kenrick complained: " One species of our predecessor's merit, however, I presume myself at least entitled to, that of perserverance; it being now fifteen years since I first engaged in this undertaking, which I have since pursued with almost unremitted assiduity, and that not only at considerable waste of time and expense, but under the constant mortification of hearing it equally ridiculed by those who do know, and by those who do not know, anything of the matter."

In 1772, he published "Love in the Suds, a town eclogue : being the lamentation of Roscius for the loss of his Nyky", a direct and scurrilous attack on David Garrick, making explicit charges of homosexuality with Isaac Bickerstaffe against the great actor. Garrick immediately took legal action against Kenrick who was forced to publish a somewhat ambivalent [http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/macaron5.htm apology] .

In 1773 he published a "A New Dictionary of the English Language", the first to indicate pronunciation with diacritical marks and to divide words according to their syllables.

In the same year, on 20 November 1773 his comedy "The Duellist" was launched at Covent Garden, but lasted only one night.

In 1775 he founded the book review digest "The London Review of English and Foreign Literature" which ran from 1775 to 1780, a monthly review of 80 pages which attacked most of the contemporary writers and their works, and gave habitual bad reviews to Covent Garden and Drury Lane theatres. The magazine was continued for a year after his death by his son William Shakespeare Kenrick.

1778 saw the production of two more plays: "The Lady of the Manor", a comic opera with music by James Hook was the most successful of Kenrick's such works; and "The Spendthrift; or, The Christmas Gambol", a farce based on Charles Johnson's "The Country Lasses" which was taken off after only two nights.

From 1778-1779 he directed a translation of Voltaire's works in 8 volumes.

Ending career

The General Biographical Dictionary of 1815 describes Kenrick's end and sums up his career: "In his latter days, his constitution was so much injured by inebriety, that he generally wrote with a bottle of brandy by his elbow, which at length terminated his career June 10, 1779, less lamented than perhaps any person known in the literary world, yet possessed of talents which, under a steady and virtuous direction, might have procured him an honourable place among the authors of his time."

Indeed, Kenrick wrote revealingly of himself:
"The Wits, who drink water and suck sugar-candy,"
"Impute the strong spirit of Kenrick to brandy."
"They are not so much out: the matter, in short, is---"
"He sips" aqua vitae", and spits" aqua fortis. [Quoted in "The English Portion of the Library of Ven. Francis Wrangham, M.A. F.R.S. Archdeacon of Cleveland." Malton, 1826]

Notes

ources

* A Universal Biographical Dictionary, Andrus & Judd, 1833