Lake Carmel (New York)

Infobox lake
lake_name = Lake Carmel
image_lake = Lake Carmel, New York.jpg
caption_lake = Lake from the junction of NY 52 and 311
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry=
location = Lake Carmel, New York
coords = coord|41|27|35|N|73|39|54|W|type:waterbody_region:US-NY|display=inline,title
type =
inflow =
outflow = Middle Branch Croton River
catchment = convert|13|sqmi|km2|abbr=on
basin_countries = United States
length = convert|1.9|mi|km|abbr=on
width = convert|1300|ft|abbr=on
area = convert|200|acre|ha|abbr=on
depth =
max-depth =
volume = convert|2790|acre.ft|m3|abbr=on|lk=on
residence_time =
shore =
elevation = convert|618|ft|abbr=on
reference = cite web|title=Lake Carmel|url=http://findlakes.com/lake_carmel_new-york~ny00100.htm|publisher=findlakes.com|accessdate=2008-08-02] cite news|last=Brenner|first=Elsa|title=Good Prices and the Great Outdoors|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/27/realestate/27living.html|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|date=2005-11-27|accessdate=2008-08-01|quote=About a third of the town's housing stock - more than 5,400 living units, according to 2000 census data - is in eastern Kent on the 200-acre Lake Carmel.]

Lake Carmel is located in the Town of Kent, New York, United States. It takes its name from nearby Carmel, and in turn the community surrounding the lake, which accounts for much of Kent's population, is named for it.

It was created by developers in the early 20th century by damming the Middle Branch of the Croton River. It is one of the few large bodies of water in Putnam County not used as a reservoir by New York City, but it is still part of the city's water supply since the Middle Branch is impounded into the eponymous reservoir downstream. Due to increasing development around the lake, the city has helped the community improve its waterwater treatment.

Geography

The lake is elongated in shape, longer along a north-south axis than it is wide, reflecting its artificial origins and its location in one of the valleys in a generally hilly area. There are two narrower inlets corresponding to the inflow streams at the north and northeast corners. A smaller inlet on the southwest corner bends slightly to the north, where it becomes swamps.cite map|title=New York State Map|publisher=I Love New York|year=2008|cartography=Map Works Inc.]

Lake Carmel and its associated community take up the southeast corner of Kent; most of the shoreline is developed and the residential neighborhoods surrounding it go several blocks inland, often gently rising up the surrounding hills, except for the steep, unnamed convert|1104|ft|m|adj=on peak to the lake's west.cite web|author=USGS|title=The National Map|year=1993|publisher=TerraServer|accessdate=2008-05-15|url=http://terraserver-usa.com/image.aspx?T=2&S=13&Z=18&X=372&Y=2903&W=1]

There are two inflow streams, neither named. The one that flows from the north-northwest rises in swamps a half-mile (800 m) the north; the northerly one ultimately rises in Bear Swamp, several miles to the north in the Dutchess County Town of Beekman, and then flows through several other lakes and ponds to get to Lake Carmel. The Middle Branch leaves the lake along its eastern shore, to be impounded again two miles (6.4 km) downstream.

Snadbeck Avenue (NY 52) closely follows the western shore near the northern and central sections of the lake; local roads such as Lakeshore Drive complete the circuit. NY 311 crosses the lake's northern inlet on a short causeway just before reaching its southern terminus at Route 52. Several other local roads, including Terry Hill Road (Putnam County Route 46), cross the eastern inlet, and Route 52 crosses the southwestern one. Interstate 84 is a mile to the northeast via Route 311, although the lake and the road cannot be seen from each other due to the intervening hills. Route 52 leads to Carmel a mile (1.6 km) to the south.

History

In the late 19th century, Putnam County's lakes had become one of many places where city residents went on hot summer weekends. Brothers Warren and Arthur Smadbeck were developers who decided to create more. They bought failing farms in the area in 1928 and built the dam to create the lake.cite web|title=The Putnam Lake Community of Patterson|url=http://www.historicpatterson.org/Exhibits/ExhPutLake.php|publisher=Historic Patterson|accessdate=1008-08-02] Around it they built small bungalows and cottages meant to be weekend or summer homes for middle-income families, selling them in lavish ads in the "New York Daily Mirror". This continued through the 1940s. Eventually, 5,400 homes were built in the three square miles (8 km²) around the lake,cite news|last=Hodara|first=Susan|title= HAVENS; Weekender | Kent Township, N.Y.|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9504E3D7143BF935A25757C0A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|date=2004-04-16|accessdate=2008-08-02|quote=That quality is what distinguishes the region referred to as western Kent, which encompasses all but the densely populated three square miles of the Lake Carmel area, bordering Patterson on the east, where 3,000 homes sit on quarter-acre lots] accounting for on-third of the town's housing stock.

In the years after the war, as automobile access to the region from the city increased with the opening of first the Taconic State Parkway and then Interstate 684, Lake Carmel became one of the earliest exurbs, home to more and more people year-round. The original cottages were expanded and winterized for this purpose.

As a result of the increasing, clustered development in the region, by 1999 the lake had attracted a large enough population of Canada geese to become a nuisance. Since they could not legally be hunted or shot due to the close proximity of dwellingsNew York state law prohibits the discharge of a firearm for hunting purposes within ft to m|500 of any dwelling except one's own.] , the town tried various means to control the population such as egg treatment and growing a lake buffer. It finally settled on rounding them up during molting season, when their ability to fly is limited, and slaughtering them. The meat was distributed to poor people as food. At that time it was only the second such time that action had been taken by a community in the Northeast.cite news|last=Peterson|first=Iver|title= Our Towns; Last Resort, And Roundup, For the Geese|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03E3DE133BF933A15755C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|date=1999-06-20|accessdate=2008-08-02|quote=Sometime in the next two weeks or so ... wildlife specialists will surround the flock of about 150 geese that inhabit Lake Carmel, herd them into pens and ship them off to a meatpacker as food for the poor.]

Human-generated pollution of the lake and, by extension, New York City's watershed, also increased. Local communities resisted pressure from the city to install sewage treatment plants until the late 1990s, when more of those communities were relying on city water to handle their rapid development. In 2000 the city and the county reached a deal to build a plant to handle sewage from the many homes around the lake whose original septic systems were failing, and divert it to the Hudson River.cite news|last=Worth|first=Robert|title= THE ENVIRONMENT; A Plan to Help the Watershed|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE2DA1731F934A1575BC0A9669C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|date=2000-08-27|accessdate=2008-08-02|quote=The city's chief condition is that the project be able to handle only the existing capacity of sewage-treatment plants. The sole exception would be for areas with failing septic systems, like Lake Carmel, Peach Lake and Putnam Lake.] Four years later the city also helped the town and county install stormwater control units along Route 52.cite news|last=Gross|first=Eric|title= Storm water quality units installed at Lake Carmel |url=http://www.townofkent.org/news/townnews/pcc_111804_lake_carml.htm|publisher=Town of Kent|work=Putnam County Courier|date=2004-11-18|accessdate=2008-08-02|quote=Last week's installation marked the culmination of a partnering between the Town of Kent, County of Putnam and City of New York since the $750,000 project resulted from watershed monies received by the county when it signed the historic New York City watershed accord. Jeff Contelmo of Insite Engineering Company explained the water quality unit, each costing $125,000, would filter storm water running from Barrett Hill across Route 52 prior to its discharge into the lake.]

Recreation

The town owns the lake, and those portions of its shoreline not under private ownership. Access to the beaches, or to the water for swimming, boating, fishing (and ice fishing in winter), is restricted to residents with permits or their guests.

References