Koreans in Chile

Infobox Ethnic group
group=Koreans in Chile
"Coreanos en Chile"
poptime=1,858citation|url=http://www.okf.or.kr/data/status_SA.jsp|title=재외동포현황 - 중남미 (Status of overseas compatriots - Central/South America)|publisher=Overseas Korean Foundation|date=2005|accessdate=2008-09-10]
popplace=Barrio Patronato in Santiagocitation|url=http://www.antropologiaurbana.cl/pdfs/etno/patronato_informe_2005a_antropologos.pdf|last=Rossel|first=Pablo|number=Fondecyt 1050031|journal=Comunidad e Identidad Urbana: Historias de Barrio del Gran Santiago (1950-2000)|title=Comunidad de inmigrantes Coreanos del barrio Patronato|date=2005|accessdate=2008-09-22|publisher=Universidad Academia del Humanismo Cristiano|publication-place=Santiago, Chile]
langs=Korean, Chilean Spanish
rels=Presbyterianism, Catholicism
related=Korean diaspora

Koreans in Chile formed Latin America's sixth-largest Korean diaspora community as of|2005|lc=on, according to the statistics of South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Between 1997 and 2005, the Korean population of Chile grew by one-quarter, from 1,470 to 1,858 individuals, surpassing in size the community of Koreans in Peru.

Migration history

The earliest Korean migrants to Chile were soldiers of the North Korean army captured by United Nations forces, who declined repatriation after the signing of the , and came to Chile under the auspices of the Red Cross.citation|last=Park|first=Chae-soon|chapter=La emigración coreana en América Latina y sus perspectivas|title=Segundo Congreso del Consejo de Estudios Latinoamericanos de Asia y de Oceania|publisher=Latin American Studies Association of Korea|publication-place=Seoul|date=2007|url=http://www.lasak.or.kr/CELAOfiles/papers/Session3/Park%20Chae%20Soon%5BSession3-2%5D.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-27] They were resettled in the city of Temuco. [Rossel, 13]

Immigration from South Korea to Chile would not begin until 1970, when five families came to work in the floriculture sector. Three more families came by way of Bolivia in 1975, and another ten in 1976.Rossel, 14] By 1978, the year of the founding of the Asociación Coreana de Chile, there were between twenty and thirty Korean families residing in Chile. In 1978, twenty Korean families founded a school, the Colegio Coreano, with the assistances of the Presbyterian Church to offer weekend courses in Korean language, culture, and history to Korean children in Chile. [Rossel, 25-26]

Most of the families immigrating in those days actually had Argentina as their final destination, and intended to reside in Chile only as long as it took them to obtain an Argentine visa, but as Argentina required prospective immigrants to have at least US$30,000 in capital, many found themselves unable to qualify; they instead settled in Chile, where the requirement was merely one-sixth that amount. Many settled in the Barrio Patronato, a traditionally immigrant-dominated neighbourhood then filled largely with Arabs. [Rossel, 4-6] They started out in the textile manufacturing sector, but along with Chile's shift away from an import substitution-oriented economic model, they turned to opening shops and importing clothing and other products from their homeland instead. [Rossel, 17]

Inter-ethnic relations

Koreans in Chile are respected by Chileans of other backgrounds for their work ethic, but are perceived as a very closed community, especially with regards to interracial marriage.citation|url=http://www.publicaciones.cucsh.udg.mx/pperiod/pacifico/Revista%2026/11WonjungMin.pdf|last=Min|first=Won-jung|title=Corea del Sur y los coreanos en Chile, según las encuestas a profundidad|journal=México y la Cuenca del Pacífico|volume=8|number=26|month=September|date=2005|accessdate=2008-09-22] The Korean shops of Patronato are well known for their low prices; their competitors accuse them of unfair commercial practises, and spread rumours that their imports of South Korean products are subsidised by the government. Ordinary Chileans also feel some envy towards the commercial success of Koreans in their country.citation|title=Presidente de la colonia coreana en Chile Kim Beung Nam: "Da pena que nos apunten con el dedo"|last=Valeria|first=Marco|url=http://www.lun.com/librerias/prt_em.asp?idnoticia=C369380397453704|periodical=Diario Las Últimas Noticias|publication-place=Santiago, Chile|accessdate=2008-09-22] A 1996 investigation found that many Korean businesses in Chile violated labor safety and hygiene standards, and imposed unfair contracts on workers, cementing the reputation of Korean business owners as "despots" towards their workers. [Rossel, 15] At the same time, however, Chileans have respect for the rapid economic development undertaken by South Korea. On the other hand, Koreans in Chile often perceive Chileans as superficial in their friendships, lazy, irresponsible, and somewhat racist.citation|url=http://asiapacifico.bcn.cl/noticias/coreanos-en-chile|chapter=Coreanos en Chile: ¿Cómo ven a los chilenos?|date=21 August, 2008|accessdate=2008-09-22|title=Portal
publisher=Biblioteca del Congress Nacional de Chile]

Religion

Among the Korean community in Chile, Protestantism is the majority religion; Patronato has two Presbyterian churches and one Roman Catholic one. Many Korean migrants to Chile were not Christians at the time of their arrival, but became churchgoers in order to take part in the specifically Korean social life offered by the churches, which offered them comfort and reminders of home after the stressful experience of migration to a foreign country. [Rossel, 26]

Notable individuals

*Nara Back, singer in electro-pop group Lulu Jam [citation|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias/site/artic/20061023/pags/20061023114823.html|title=Bomba Coreana|date=23 October, 2006|accessdate=2008-09-29|periodical=La Nación|publication-place=Chile]

References

Further reading

*citation|last=Vial|first=Luis|last2=Maxwell|first2=Laurence|title=Coreanos en Chile: una investigación exploratoria|publication-place=Santiago, Chile|publisher=Fundación de Ayuda Social de las Iglesias Cristianas|year=1995
*citation|last=Mella|first=Orlando|title=Atributos y estereotipos acerca de los chilenos. Un análisis de las opiniones de tres grupos de inmigrantes: coreanos, peruanos, y alemanes|journal=Revista Chilena de Temas Sociológicos|volume=3|number=4-5|publication-place=Santiago, Chile|publisher=Fondo nacional de desarollo científico y tecnológico