Alexander of Judaea

Alexander (Gr. polytonic|Ἀλέξανδρος), the eldest son of Aristobulus II, king of Judaea, was taken pri­soner, with his father and brother, by Pompey, on the capture of Jerusalem in 63 BC, but escaped his captors as they were being conveyed to Rome.cite encyclopedia | last = Mason | first = Charles Peter | authorlink = | title = Alexander | editor = William Smith | encyclopedia = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology | volume = 1 | pages = 114 | publisher = Little, Brown and Company | location = Boston | year = 1867 | url = http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0123.html ] In 57 BC, he appeared in Judaea, raised an army of 10,000 infantry and 1500 cavalry, and fortified Alexandrium and other strong posts. Alexander's uncle Hyrcanus (with whom Alexander's father Aristobulus had clashed) applied for aid to Gabinius, who brought a large army against Alexander, and sent Mark Antony with a body of troops in advance. In a battle fought near Jerusalem, Alexander was soundly defeated, and took refuge in the fortress of Alexandreium. Through the mediation of his mother he was permitted to depart, on condition of surrendering all the for­tresses still in his power. In the following year, during the expedition of Gabinius into Egypt, Alexander again incited the Jews to revolt, and collected an army. He massacred all the Romans who fell in his way, and besieged the rest, who had taken refuge on Mount Gerizim. After rejecting the terms of peace which were offered to him by Gabinius, he was defeated near Mount Tabor with the loss of 10,000 men. The spirit of his ad­herents, however, was not entirely crushed, for in 53 BC, on the death of Marcus Licinius Crassus, he again collected some forces, but was compelled to come to terms by Cassius in 52 BC. In 49 BC, on the breaking out of the civil war, Julius Caesar set Aristobulus free, and sent him to Judaea to further his in­terests there. He was poisoned on the journey, and Alexander, who was preparing to support him, was seized at the command of Pompey, and beheaded at Antioch. [Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews" xiv. 5—7] [Josephus, "The Wars of the Jews" i. 8, 9]

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