Sint-Niklaas

Infobox Belgium Municipality
name=Sint-Niklaas
picture=
picture-



map-
East Flanders
arms=


region=BE-REG-FLE
community=BE-NL
province=BE-PROV-OV
arrondissement=Sint-Niklaas
nis=46021
pyramid-date=01/01/2006
0-19=22.15
20-64=59.01
65=18.84
foreigners=3.77
foreigners-date=01/07/2005
mayor=Freddy Willockx (SP.A)
majority= SP.A-Vl.Pro-Green!, CD&V-NVA
postal-codes=9100, 9111, 9112
telephone-area=03
web= [http://www.sint-niklaas.be/ www.sint-niklaas.be]
lat_deg=51
lat_min=10
lon_deg=04
lon_min=08

Sint-Niklaas ( _fr. Saint-Nicolas) is a Belgian city and municipality located in the Flemish province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Sint-Niklaas proper and the towns of Belsele, Nieuwkerken-Waas, and Sinaai.

Sint-Niklaas is the capital and major city of the Waasland region straddling the East Flanders and Antwerp provinces. The city is known for having the largest market square in Belgium.

History

Thirteenth-century origins

Although some traces of pre-Roman activity have been found on the territory of Sint-Niklaas, the regional centre during Roman times was neighbouring Waasmunster, better located on the river Durme. Belsele was already mentioned in a 9th century document. The history of Sint-Niklaas proper, however, starts in 1217, when the bishop of Tournai, following advice from the local clergy, founded a church to Saint Nicholas here. The new parish was to depend on the See of Tournai until the middle of the 16th century. Politically, however, it was part of the County of Flanders. The power of Flanders at that time favoured the quick economic development of the city, which became the administrative centre of the region in 1241. A document dated from 1248 records that Margaret II, Countess of Flanders, ceded additional territory to the parish of Sint-Niklaas with the proviso that it would remain bare, which explains the unusual size of the central market square today.

14th to 17th century

The city was never walled, which made it an easy target for conquest. In 1381, it was engulfed by fire and plundered. However, the central location of Sint-Niklaas between Ghent and Antwerp, not far from the Scheldt, favoured further development. By 1513, Emperor Maximilian had granted the city the right to hold a weekly market. Around 1580, the church of Saint Nicholas suffered heavy damage from roving iconoclasts. The 17th century was generally a period of prosperity that was marked by economic growth, mostly in the flax and wool industries. This was also the time when Sint-Niklaas was endowed with administrative buildings and three cloistered communities (Oratorians, Franciscans, and Black Sisters), which provided educational, religious, and medical services to the region. On May 25, 1690, another fire destroyed most of the city.

18th century until now

In the 18th century, the Austrian regime was favourable to Sint-Niklaas. The flagship textile industry adapted well to mechanization and added cotton products to its portfolio in 1764. At the end of the century, the French Revolution brought its mixture of religious intolerance and modern administration to the city. Napoleon came to visit Sint-Niklaas in 1803 and officially promoted it to the rank of city. The 19th century witnessed a general decline in the textile industry. Several new buildings were erected, including the current city hall and the "Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk" (Church of Our-Lady). After World War II, the textile industry went through a crisis. Today, the historic centre of the city has become mostly a shopping and services district.

Heritage

*The Church of Saint Nicholas was founded in the 13th century and gave its name to the city. After heavy damage in the 16th century, the interior was redone in the Baroque style.
*The Chapel of Saint Joseph was built in the 17th century by the Franciscans. It was later integrated in a minor seminary and is now part of a high school.
*The Church of Our-Lady and Town Hall, located on the largest market square in Belgium, are more recent (19th century).
*The Gerardus Mercator-Museum traces the history of cartography back to its origins. The museum also houses two original globes that belonged to the famous cartographer.
*Other churches (Saint Joseph, Christ the King) and museums (Salon for Fine Arts, Zwijgershoek) complete the visit.

Events

*On the first weekend of September, Sint-Niklaas hosts an international balloon meeting ("Vredesfeesten").
*The last week of the year, Sint-Niklaas is the host of the Flanders Volley Gala, an international volleyball tournament.
*The city keeps seven giants: Janneken, Mieke, Santa Claus and Zwarte Piet, and the three Magi: Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar.

Transportation

Because of Sint-Niklaas' setting on the vital axis from Ghent to Antwerp, the city has good connections by train and car. The E17, one of Belgium's busiest highways, passes the city; the N16 dual carriageway leads to Mechelen and Brussels.

Trains depart every half hour to Ghent and Antwerp and hourly to Brussels, Mechelen and Leuven from the new station. The city also has an extensive network of buslines, both regional and local. Throughout the city main streets, buses drive on separate lanes.

Sint-Niklaas was awarded the title of Most Pedestrian Friendly City in Flanders after the restoration of its central Market area.

Mayors

Mayors since the end of World War II:

* Henri Heyman (Catholic) (1933-1946);
* Romain De Vidts (CVP,now CD&V) (1947-1962);
* Frantz Van Dorpe (CVP,now CD&V);
* Paul De Vidts (CVP,now CD&V) (1977-1988);
* Lieven Lenaerts (CVP,now CD&V) (1995-1996);
* Jef Foubert (CVP,now CD&V) (1997-2000);
* Freddy Willockx (SP.A) (1989-1994 and 2001-).

Famous citizens

*Edgar Tinel, composer, born in Sinaai (1854-1912)
*Luis Siret, archaeologist and illustrator (1869-1934)
*Maurits Coppieters, politician (1920-2005)
*Alexander Baervoets, choreographer (b. 1956)
*Martin De Prycker, engineer, CEO of Barco (b. 1955)
*Tom Lanoye, author (b. 1958)
*Alex Callier and Raymond Geerts, musicians (Hooverphonic)
*Daniël Ost, florist (b. 1955)
*Marc Sleen, comics artist (b. 1922)
*Paul Snoek, poet (1933-1981)
*Tom Steels, cyclist (b. 1971)
*Ann Wauters, basketball player (b.1980)
*Sandrine Van Handenhoven, Artist (b.1984)
*Wouter Van Bellingen, politician
*Anton van Wilderode, poet (1918-1998)
*Sean D'hondt, leadsinger 'Nailpin', born in Sint-Niklaas

Twin and partner cities

*FRA: Colmar
*ITA: Lucca
*UK: Abingdon, Oxfordshire
*GER: Schongau, Bavaria
*NLD: Gorinchem
*CZE: Tábor

External links

* [http://www.sint-niklaas.be Official website] - Information available in Dutch and limited information available in English and French
* [http://www.sinnekloas.be Sinnekloas Youth Community] - Youth Community of Sint-Niklaas
* [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/world/story/0,,2020822,00.html Flemish couples don't want to be wed by Wouter] , "The Observer" article on racism in Sint-Niklaas