Codex Zacynthius

Codex Zacynthius
New Testament manuscripts
papyri • uncials • minuscules • lectionaries
Uncial 040
Facsimile from Tregelles edition

Facsimile from Tregelles edition
Name Zacynthius
Sign Ξ
Text Gospel of Luke †
Date c. 550
Script Greek
Found Colin Macaulay, 1820
Now at Cambridge University Library
Cite Tregelles, Codex Zacynthius. Greek Palimpsest Fragments of the Gospel of Saint Luke, (1861)
Size 36 cm by 29 cm
Type Alexandrian
Category III
Note close to codex B

Codex Zacynthius, designated by siglum Ξ or 040 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A1 (von Soden),[1] is a Greek New Testament codex, dated paleographically to the 6th century.[2] Formerly it was dated to the 8th century (Scrivener, Gregory).[3] It is a palimpsest. The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition.

It came from Zacynthius and housed in the Cambridge University. It is often used in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament.

Contents

Description

The manuscript contains the greater part of the Gospel of Luke 1:1-11:33 in a fragmentary condition. The codex extant 89 thick and coarse parchment leaves[2] (three half-leaves), measuring 36 x 29 cm.[4] The text is written in a single column, in well-formed uncial script (capital letters). The letters are large, round and narrow, without spiritus asper, spiritus lenis and accents.[4] It was written by two scribes.[5]

The abbreviations are rarely used in the codex. The handwriting is very close to the Rossanensis.[6] The errors of itacism occur in the codex, but not so often as in Codex Sinaiticus and Vaticanus. It uses grammar forms typical for the ancient manuscripts (ειπαν, ηλθαν, ευραν).[6]

It has the same system of chapter divisions, which is peculiar to the Codex Vaticanus and codex 579. There is also another more common system of division according to the τιτλοι (titles).[4] The capitals are given at the beginning of the sections stand out in the margin as in codices Alexandrinus and Ephraemi.[4]

The text is surrounded by a marginal commentary, and it is the only one that has both text and commentary in uncial script. The commentary is a Catena of quotations of nine church fathers: Origen, Eusebius, Titus of Bostra, Basil, Isidore of Pelusium, Cyril of Alexandria, Sever from Antioch, Victor from Antioch, Chrysostom.[7] The commentary surrounds the single column text of Luke on three sides.[8] Patristic text is written in small uncial letters. Most of quotations are of authorship of Ciril of Alexandria (93 scholia), the second place is occupied by Titus of Bostra (45 scholia).[9][10] The commentary was written in a different kind of uncial script.[11]

Contents
Luke 1:1-9.19-23.27.22.30-32.36-66.77-2:19.21.22.33-39; 3:5-8.11-20; 4:1.2.6-20.32-43; 5:17-36; 6:21-7:6.11-37.39-47; 8:4-21.25-35.43-50; 9:1-28.32.33.35.41-10:18.21-10; 11:1.2.3.4.24-30.31.32.33.[4]

Text-type

The text of the codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type in a late stage, with a portion of non-alexandrian readings. The Alexandrian text is close to Codex Vaticanus. It has some Byzantine corrections. Textually it is close to Regius.[12] Kurt and Barbara Aland gave to it the following textual profile: 21 21/2 82 3s.[2] On the basis of this profile Alands placed the text of the codex in Category III.[2] According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the Alexandrian text in Luke 10 and mixed Byzantine text in Luke 1.[13]

It has some typical for the Alexandrian text-type omissions:

Luke 9:55b-56a — καὶ εἶπεν, Οὑκ οἴδατε οἵου πνεύματος ἑστε ὐμεῖς; ὀ γὰρ υἰὸς τοῦ ἁνθρώπου οὑκ ἦλθεν ψυχὰς ἁνθρώπων ἁπολέσαι ἁλλὰ σῶσαι (and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them) omitted as in codices Sinaiticus B C Θ L 33 700 892 1241 syr, copbo;[14]

In Luke 4:17 it has textual variant καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (and opened the book) together with the manuscripts A, B, L, W, 33, 892, 1195, 1241, K, Δ, Θ, Π, Ψ, f1, f13, 28, 565, 700, 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts.[15][16]

In Luke 9:10 it has textual variant εις πολιν καλουμενην Βηθσαιδα (to a city called Bethsaida), as have codices B, L, 33, but the later hand inserted at the margin εις τοπον ερημον πολεως καλουμενην Βηδσαιδα (into a deserted place belonging to the city called Bethsaida).[17]

Palimpsest

It is a palimpsest. The upper text was written by a minuscule hand, it contains lectionary 299 (ℓ 299) from the 12th or 13th century.[18] The parchment leaves were folded in half. The lectionary text is not complete, it is written on 176 leaves (28.7 cm by 18.2 cm), in one column per page, 33-36 lines per page. It contains lessons from the four Gospels (Evangelistarium). The manuscript is lacunose.[19]

The manuscript contains weekday Gospel lessons.[20] Tregelles did not collate its text because of its secondary value.[21] Scrivener designated it by siglum 200,[22] Gregory by 299.[4]

Lectionary 299 in Mark 6:33 has textual reading ἐκεῖ καὶ προῆλθον αὐτούς along with Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, 0187 (omit εκει), 892, ℓ 49, ℓ 69, ℓ 70, ℓ 303, ℓ 333, ℓ 1579, (ℓ 950 αυτους), itaur, vg, (copsa, bo).[23]

The text of lectionary is cited in some critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).[24] It is not cited in UBS4.[25]

UBS3 cited it in the following places: Matthew 10:4; 11:17; 12:47; 13:13; 14:22; 18:10; 22:30; 26:27; 28:9; Mark 1:27; 2:10.26; 4:16.20; 6:2.2.3.33.[26]

History

Samuel Prideaux Tregelles

The early history of the manuscript is unknown. In 1821 it came from the island Zakynthos and was brought by general Colin Macaulay to England. Since 1821 the manuscript was kept in the library of the British and Foreign Bible Society (Mss 24) in London.[4]

Scholz saw the manuscript in 1845 and Paul de Lagarde in 1853, but they did not decide to decipher manuscript.[4] The lower text of the codex was deciphered, transcribed and edited by Tregelles in 1861 (page for page, and line for line).[18] Tregelles used types cast for printing the Codex Alexandrinus,[27] which only approximately represents the shape of the letters of the codex. The size of the letters is much smaller. Tregelles included in this edition one page of typographical facsimile.[28] Tregelles did not decipher the small Patristic writing and he doubted that can be read without chemical restoration.[29]

Nicholas Pocock found some errors in Tregelles' edition,[30] but according to William Hatch the edition of Tregelles is satisfactory. Greenlee corrected errors of Tregelles, and edited the list of corrections in 1957.[31] It was examined by William Hatch. In 1959 Greenlee published the text of a commentary.[32] Probably there is a need of another examination of the text of the codex with modern technology.[12]

Tischendorf cited it in his Editio Octava Critica Maior in 564 places.[33] It is often cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament.[34]

In 1985 it was moved to the Cambridge University Library (BFBS Ms 213), where it is housed now.[35]

See also

Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg Bible portal

References

  1. ^ Gregory, Caspar René (1908). Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung. pp. 36. http://www.archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n47/mode/2up. 
  2. ^ a b c d Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1. 
  3. ^ C. R. Gregory, "Canon and Text of the New Testament" (T & T Clark: Edinburgh 1907), p. 361
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments,. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 91. http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n103/mode/2up. 
  5. ^ Parker, David C. (2009). Manuscripts, texts, theology: collected papers 1977-2007. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 114. ISBN 978-3110211931. http://paperc.de/2617-manuscripts-texts-theology-9783110211948#!/pages/114. 
  6. ^ a b N. Pocock, The Codex Zacynthius, The Academy (London, 19 February 1881), s. 137a.
  7. ^ William Hatch, A redating of two important uncial manuscripts of the Gospels - Codex Zacynthius and Codex Cyprius, w: Quantulacumque studies presented to Kirsopp Lake ([c1937]), s. 333.
  8. ^ J. H. Greenlee, The Catena of Codex Zacynthius, Biblica 40 (1959), pp. 992-1001.
  9. ^ J. Reuss, Bemerkungen zu den Lukas-Homilien des Titus von Bostra, Biblica 57 (1976), pp. 538-541.
  10. ^ Lorenzo DiTommaso, Lucian Turcescu, The reception and interpretation of the Bible in late antiquity: proceedings of the Montréal colloquium in honour of Charles Kannengiesser, Brill 2008, p. 261.
  11. ^ W. H. P. Hatch, A Redating of Two Important Uncial Manuscripts of the Gospels - Codex Zacynthius and Codex Cyprius, in Lake F/S, pp. 335.
  12. ^ a b R. Waltz, Codex Zacynthius Ξ (040) at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
  13. ^ Wisse, Frederik (1982). The profile method for the classification and evaluation of manuscript evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 52. ISBN 0-8028-1918-4. 
  14. ^ NA26, p. 190.
  15. ^ Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), p. 114.
  16. ^ NA26, p. 164.
  17. ^ K. Aland, E. Nestle (1991). Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 185. ISBN 3-438-05100-1. 
  18. ^ a b Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 83.
  19. ^ Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 413. http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n425/mode/2up. 
  20. ^ Handschriftenliste at the INTF
  21. ^ S. P. Tregelles, Codex Zacynthius. Greek Palimpsest Fragments of the Gospel of Saint Luke (London, 1861), p. XXIII.
  22. ^ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 1 (4th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 341. 
  23. ^ The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 144.
  24. ^ The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. XXVIII.
  25. ^ The Greek New Testament, ed. B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, and B. M. Metzger, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 4rd revised edition, (United Bible Societies, Stuttgart 2001), p. 21*.
  26. ^ Aland, K.; Black, M.; C. M. Martini, B. Metzger, A. Wikgren (1983). The Greek New Testament (3 ed.). Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. 
  27. ^ Henry Alford, The Greek New Testament (London, 1863), Vol. 1, p. 113.
  28. ^ N. Pocock, The Codex Zacynthius, The Academy (London, 19 February 1881), ss. 136c-137c.
  29. ^ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose (1861). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament (1st ed.). London. p. 126. 
  30. ^ N. Pocock, The Codex Zacynthius, The Academy (London, 19 February 1881), pp. 136c-137c.
  31. ^ J. H. Greenlee, A Corrected Collation of Codex Zacynthius (Cod. Ξ), JBL LXXVI (1957), pp. 237-241.
  32. ^ J. H. Greenlee, The Catena of Codex Zacynthius, Biblica 40 (1959), pp. 992–1001.
  33. ^ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 1 (4th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 162. 
  34. ^ Aland, K.; Black, M.; C. M. Martini, B. Metzger, A. Wikgren (1983). The Greek New Testament (3 ed.). Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. p. XVI.  [UBS3]
  35. ^ "Codex Zacynthius". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20040. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 

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