Paul de Lagarde

Paul Anton de Lagarde (2 November 1827 - 22 December 1891) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist. He also took some part in politics. He belonged to the Prussian Conservative party, and was a violent antisemite. The bitterness which he felt appeared in his writings. His "Deutsche Schriften" (1878-81) became a nationalist text.

Biography

Paul de Lagarde was born in Berlin as Paul Bötticher; in early adulthood he legally adopted the family name of his maternal line out of respect to his great-aunt who raised him. At Berlin (1844-1846) and Halle (1846 - 1847) he studied theology, philosophy and oriental languages.

In 1852 his studies took him to London and Paris. In 1854 he became a teacher at a Berlin public school, but this did not interrupt his biblical studies. He edited the "Didascalia apostolorum syriace" (1854) and other Syriac texts collected in the British Museum and in Paris. In 1866 he received three years leave of absence to collect fresh materials, and in 1869 succeeded Heinrich Ewald as professor of oriental languages at Göttingen.

Like Ewald, Lagarde was an active worker in a variety of subjects and languages; but his chief aim, the elucidation of the Bible, was almost always kept in view. He edited the Aramaic translation (known as the Targum) of the Prophets according to the Codex Reuchlinianus preserved at Carlsruhe, "Prophetae chaldaice" (1872), the "Hagiographa chaldaice" (1874), an Arabic translation of the Gospels, "Die vier Evangelien, arabisch aus der Wiener Handschrift herausgegeben" (1864), a Syriac translation of the Old Testament Apocrypha, "Libri V. T. apocryphi syriace" (1865), a Coptic translation of the Pentateuch, "Der Pentateuch koptisch" (1867), and a part of the Lucianic text of the Septuagint, which he was able to reconstruct from manuscripts for nearly half the Old Testament. Lagarde was easily the most renowned Septuagint scholar of the nineteenth century.

He devoted himself ardently to oriental scholarship, and published "Zur Urgeschichte der Armenier" (1854) and "Armenische Studien" (1877). He was also a student of Persian, publishing "Isaias persice" (1883) and "Persische Studien" (1884). He followed up his Coptic studies with "Aegyptiaca" (1883), and published many minor contributions to the study of oriental languages in "Gesammelte Abhandlungen" (1866), "Symmicta" (1. 1877, ii. 1880), "Semitica" (i. 1878, ii. 1879), "Orient alia" (1879-1880) and "Mittheilungen" (1884). Mention should also be made of the valuable "Onomastica sacra" (1870; 2nd ed., 1887).

Lagarde's anti-Semitism laid the foundations for aspects of National Socialist ideology, in particular that of Alfred Rosenberg. He argued that Germany should create a "national" form of Christianity purged of Semitic elements (see Positive Christianity) and insisted that Jews were "pests and parasites" who should be destroyed "as speedily and thoroughly as possible". [Snyder, L. "Encyclopedia of the Third Reich", Wordsworth, 1998, p.203See the article in Herzog-Hauck, "Realencyklopadie"; and cf. Anna de Lagarde, "Paul de Lagarde" (1894).] [Stern, Fritz "The Politics of Cultural Despair: a study in the Rise of the Germanic Ideology", 1961 (see Chapter I, "Paul de Lagarde and a Germanic Religion").]

He died at Göttingen.

References

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*1911