List of Odonata species of Great Britain

This page contains a list of the species of Odonata recorded in Britain. The total number of species recorded is 56, made up of 20 damselflies (suborder Zygoptera) and 36 dragonflies (suborder Anisoptera).

Of these, 42 species (17 damselflies and 25 dragonflies) are resident breeders, and the remainder are either extinct species, or vagrants. In respect of the latter, this list follows the decisions of the Odonata Records Committee. Some of these rare species have not been seen since the 19th Century; however, the British Odonata list is also currently undergoing a period of unprecedented change, as new species are being discovered for the first time, some going on to become breeding species.

This list is based on the following principal references:
* Merritt, R., N. W. Moore and B. C. Eversham (1996), "Atlas of the dragonflies of Britain and Ireland", HMSO (ISBN 0-11-701561-X) cite book | last = Merritt | first = R. | coauthors = N. W. Moore and B. C. Eversham | year = 1996 | title = Atlas of the dragonflies of Britain and Ireland | publisher = HMSO]
* Parr, A. J. (1996), Dragonfly movement and migration in Britain and Ireland, "Journal of the British Dragonfly Society" Vol. 12 No. 2 pp. 33-50 [cite journal | last= Parr | first= A. J. | title= Dragonfly movement and migration in Britain and Ireland | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society| volume=12|issue=2 | year=1996 | pages=33–50 ]
* Parr, Adrian (2000a), An Annotated List of the Odonata of Britain and Ireland, "Atropos" No. 11 pp. 10-20 cite journal | last= Parr | first= Adrian | title= An Annotated List of the Odonata of Britain and Ireland | journal=Atropos|issue=11 | year=2000a | pages=10–20 ]

A number of other references were used to provide information on specific topics, including rare vagrants, post-1990 additions, predictions, species claimed but not accepted / species of uncertain provenance, non-natives, taxonomic matters and species found only in the Channel Islands.

Ireland's Odonata fauna is quite different from that of Britain, with many fewer breeding species, but one additional species not found in Britain, Irish Damselfly "Coenagrion lunulatum" - see List of Odonata species recorded in Ireland for more information.

New species since 1990

After a period in which the British Odonata list has been relatively static, since 1990, many new species have been found and some have gone on to become regular breeding species. In chronological order of their first record, these new species are:
* Scarlet Dragonfly, first recorded at Hayle Kimbro Pool, The Lizard, Cornwall on 7 August 1995 (Jones 1996 [cite journal | last=Jones | first=Steven P. | title=The first British record of the Scarlet Dragonfly "Crocothemis erythraea" (Brullé) | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=12 |issue=1 | year=1996 | pages=11–12 ] ), with a small number of further records at scattered locations throughout Britain
* Banded Darter, recorded just once to date, near Tredegar, Monmouthshire on 16 August 1995, although a darter seen on 29 July 2003 at Hickling Broad, Norfolk, which had dark bands on its wings, may have been this species
* Lesser Emperor, first recorded at Cinderford, in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire on 13 June 1996 (Phillips 1997a, [cite journal | last= Phillips | first= John | title= The Lesser Emperor Dragonfly "Anax parthenope" in Gloucestershire; The First British Record | journal=Atropos| issue=2 | year=1997a | pages=40–41 ] 1997b [cite journal | last= Phillips | first= John | title= Lesser Emperor Dragonfly "Anax parthenope" (Sélys) in Gloucestershire; the first British record | journal= Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=13 |issue=1 | year= 1997b| pages= 22–24] ) and now occurring annually; breeding evidence was found at Hayle Kimbro Pool (Jones 2000 [cite journal | last= Jones | first= Steven P. | title= First proof of successful breeding by the Lesser Emperor "Anax parthenope" (Sélys) in Britain| journal= Journal of the British Dragonfly Society| volume= 16|issue= 1| year= 2000 | pages= 20–23] ) and also at Bake Fishing Lakes, Cornwall (Pellow 2000 [cite journal | last= Pellow| first= Keith| title= Lesser Emperor Dragonfly "Anax parthenope" (Selys) breeding in Cornwall| journal= Atropos| issue= 9| year= 2000| pages= 28–29] ) in 1999, and the species appears to be resident at Dungeness, Kent
* Green Darner, first recorded at Penlee Battery, Cornwall on 9 September 1998 - the first record for Europe (Pellow 1999a, [cite journal | last= Pellow | first= Keith | title= An influx of Green Darner "Anax junius" (Drury) into Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly - The First European Records | journal= Atropos | volume= |issue=6 | year= 1999a| pages= 3–7] 1999b [cite journal | last= Pellow | first= Keith | title= Common Green Darner "Anax junius" (Drury) in Cornwall and Isles of Scilly - The first British and European Records | journal= Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=15 |issue=1 | year= 1999b| pages= 21–22] ), with several other records in the South West England that autumn, but none since to date
* Small Red-eyed Damselfly, first recorded in Essex on 17 July 1999 (Dewick and Gerussi 2000 [cite journal | last= Dewick | first= Stephen | coauthors = Richard Gerussi | title= Small Red-eyed Damselfly "Erythromma viridulum" (Charpentier) Found Breeding in Essex - The First British Records | journal= Atropos | volume= |issue=9 | year= 2000| pages= 3–4] ) - now a well-established breeding species across much of southern England
* Southern Emerald Damselfly, first recorded at Winterton Dunes, Norfolk on 30 July 2002 (Nobes 2003 [cite journal | last= Nobes | first= Geoff | title= Southern Emerald Damselfly "Lestes barbarus" (Fabr.) - The First British Record | journal= Atropos | volume= |issue=18 | year= 2003| pages= 3–6] ); in 2003 & 2004, the species was again seen here and at Sandwich Bay, Kent (Forrest 2005 [cite journal | last= Forrest | first= P. J. | title= Southern Emerald Damselfly "Lestes barbarus" (Fabr.) at Sandwich Bay, Kent | journal= Atropos | volume= |issue=24 | year= 2005| pages= 24–25] ), but there have been no subsequent sightings at either location.

Many British Odonata enthusiasts expect further species to be added to the list in the near future. The list below is up to date as of the end of the 2005 breeding season.

Extinct species and casual breeders

While most species on the list below are either extant established breeding species or rare vagrants, some do not fall into these two categories. The following species bred in the past but are now extinct:
* Dainty Damselfly - only ever known from marshes along the Thames Estuary in Essex, first recorded in 1946, and last recorded in 1952
* Norfolk Damselfly - only ever known from the Norfolk Broads between 1902 and 1957
* Orange-spotted Emerald - only ever known from two areas in southern England, one around the River Stour and Moors River in east Dorset, where the species was recorded from 1820 to 1963, and the other on the River Tamar in Devon where the species was recorded in 1946 only.The following species are sporadic or casual breeders:
* Yellow-winged Darter - this species has a pattern of establishing small breeding colonies following influxes, but none of these have become permanently established
* Red-veined Darter - following influxes in previous years, this species, like Yellow-winged Darter, has formed temporary breeding colonies; however, since the mid-1990s, the number of these colonies has increased and many have continued to be present from year-to-year, so this species is now better regarded as a successful colonist.

Non-native introductions

Records of non-native Odonata species in Britain have been confined to individuals found within heated greenhouses associated with nurseries for aquatic plants. None of these species have been recorded in wild situations or gone on to establish populations in the wild. Details of species which have occurred in such circumstances can be found in Agassiz 1981, [cite journal | last=Agassiz | first=D | title=Further introduced china mark moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) new to Britain | journal=Entomologist's Gazette | volume=32 | year=1981 | pages=21–26 ] Brooks 1988 [cite journal | last=Brooks | first=S. J. | title=Exotic dragonflies in north London | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=4 |issue=1 | year=1988 | pages=9–12 ] and Parr 2000a.

The list

The list is in taxonomic order. The English name of each species is given, followed by its scientific name, details of the range countries for each breeding species, and an overall status code for species which are not long-established extant breeding species.

The following abbreviations are used to give country-by-country distribution information for the breeding species:
* Eng to indicate that the species' breeding range includes England
* Scot to indicate that the species' breeding range includes Scotland
* Wales to indicate that the species' breeding range includes Wales

The following codes are used to give status details for those species which are not long-established extant breeding species:
* Ex to indicate a former breeding species, now extinct in Britain (with the year of the last record in brackets)
* RC to indicate that the species is a recent (i.e. post-1990) colonist (with the year of the first British record in brackets, except for Red-veined Darter which has occurred as a migrant and sporadic breeder for many decades).
* V to indicate a species only recorded as a vagrant (with the year of the first record in brackets, except for species with long histories as visitors to Britain)

= Suborder Zygoptera (Damselflies) =

Family Calopterygidae (Demoiselles)

Family Platycnemididae (White-legged damselflies)

Family Cordulegastridae (Golden-ringed Dragonflies)

Notes

:note label|willowemerald|A|A Willow Emerald Damselfly is only known from a single record from Hertfordshire in 1899 (although this record is based on a specimen regarded by some as perhaps not of British origin, see Gladwin 1997 [cite journal | last=Gladwin | first=T.W. | title=The error in treating the Green Emerald Damselfly "Lestes viridis" (Vander Linden) as a British species | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=13 |issue=2 | year=1997 | pages=50–51 ] ) and a single exuvia collected in Kent in 1992 (Brook & Brook 2002, [cite journal | last=Brook | first=John |coauthors=Gill Brook| title=The Willow Emerald Damselfly "Chalcolestes viridis" (Vander Linden) in Kent: a case of mistaken identity | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=19|issue=1&2 | year=2003 | pages=51–54 ] 2004 [cite journal | last=Brook | first=John |coauthors=Gill Brook| title=Past breeding evidence of Willow Emerald Damselfly "Chalcolestes viridis" (Vander Linden) in Kent | journal=Atropos | issue=21 | year=2004 | pages=3–5 ] ).:note label|clubtail|B|B Common Clubtail was formerly known as Club-tailed Dragonfly.:note label|yellowlegged|C|C Yellow-legged Dragonfly is known from just a single record, in Sussex in 1818.:note label|southernmig|D|D Southern Migrant Hawker was known from just a single record, in Kent in 1952, although an "Aeshna" seen in 1992 on the outskirts of Bristol may have been this species (Holmes 1993 [cite journal | last=Holmes | first=J. D. | title=A possible sighting of "Aeshna affinis" in Avon | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=9| year=1993 | pages=17–18 ] ), and the species has been recorded twice in Jersey since 1998 (Long 2000, [cite journal | last=Long | first=Roger | title=Southern Migrant Hawker "Aeshna affinis" in Jersey, Channel Islands | journal=Atropos | |issue=9 | year=2000 | pages=81 ] Parr 2005 [cite journal | last=Parr | first=Adrian | title=Odonata Records Committee update | journal=Atropos | |issue=26 | year=2005 | pages=28 ] ). However in 2006 four specimens were seen: In the Adur valley in West Sussex on 13th July [http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Dragons2006.html#13July website of reporter with photo] ; Grimstone Warren, Norfolk on July 21st; Little Wootton Inclosure New Forest (SZ 227 987) on August 6th; And at the mouth of the Beaulieu River in Hampshire on August 10th. [http://www.dragonflysoc.org.uk/frameset.htm?cold2006 British Dragonfly Society page reporting the finds.] :note label|vagrantemperor|E|E Vagrant Emperor records taken from Silsby (1993) [cite journal | last=Silsby | first=J. | title=A review of "Hemianax ephippiger", the Vagrant Emperor | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=9|issue=2 | year=1993 | pages=47–50 ] :note label|ywdarter|F|F Yellow-winged Darter is listed as a vagrant, but is occasionally subject to large influxes e.g. in 1995.:note label|commonhighland|G|G Highland Darter and Common Darter may be conspecific (see Merritt & Vick 1983 [cite journal | last=Merritt | first=R. | coauthors=G. S. Vick |title=Is "Sympetrum nigrescens" a good species? | journal=Journal of the British Dragonfly Society | volume=1|issue=1 | year=1983 | pages=7–8 ] ).:note label|largewhitefaced|H|H Large White-faced Darter has been recorded only once, at Sheerness, Kent in 1859.:note label|glider1|I|I Wandering Glider has been recorded only three times - at Horning, Norfolk in 1823, Bolton, Lancashire in 1951 and in Kent in 1989, although the two 20th Century records may result from accidental introductions.:note label|glider2|J|J Wandering Glider was formerly known as Globe Skimmer.

:note label|norfolkhawker|K|K Habitat limited to Eastern England and particularly East Anglia

Rejected species, species of uncertain provenance, predictions and Channel Islands species

1. The following species have been claimed but not accepted by the Odonata Records Committee:

:* Two-spotted Dragonfly "Epitheca bimaculata" was reported from Leicestershire in 2002 - see Parr (2003) [cite journal | last=Parr | first=Adrian | title=Migrant Dragonflies in 2002 | journal=Atropos | |issue=18 | year=2003 | pages=18–24 ]

2. The following species have been recorded, and their "identification" accepted, but the circumstances surrounding the records and/or specimens cast doubt on their natural occurrence, and they are not included in the official British list:

:* Blue Dasher "Pachydiplax longipennis", which was found dead on the Sedco 706 oil rig in the North Sea off the Shetland Isles in early September 1999 (Parr 2000b [cite journal | last=Parr | first=Adrian | title=Blue Dasher "Pachydiplax longipennis" (Burmeister) on an Oil Rig in the North Sea | journal=Atropos | |issue=10 | year=2000b | pages=3–5 ] ) but not accepted as the species is not a strong migrant and the rig receives weekly supplies from Texas.

:* Southern Darter "Sympetrum meridionale", only known from old specimens with vague data (but recorded from the Channel Islands).

:* Alpine Emerald "Somatochlora alpestris", only known from a single specimen labelled as having been collected by K. J. Morton in Inverness in 1926; however Morton was travelling in Europe on the date in question.

3. The following is a list of species which have previously been predicted to occur in Britain but have not yet been recorded (see Merritt, Moore & Eversham 1996 pp. 113-114 and Parr 1998 [cite journal | last=Parr | first=Adrian | title=Potential New Odonata for the British List 1. The Possible Occurrence of Nearctic Species in Western Europe | journal=Atropos | |issue=4 | year=1998 | pages=18–21 ] , 1999 [cite journal | last=Parr | first=Adrian | title=Potential New Odonata for the British List 2. The Possibility of Vagrant or Colonist Damselflies | journal=Atropos | |issue=8 | year=1999 | pages=21–25 ] ): Subarctic Hawker "Aeshna subarctica", Northern White-faced Darter "Leucorrhina rubicunda", Twelve-spotted Skimmer "Libellula pulchella", Blue-faced Meadowhawk "Sympetrum ambiguum", Black Saddlebags "Tramea lacerata", Carolina Saddlebags "Tramea carolina", Red-mantled Saddlebags "Tramea onusta", Spot-winged Glider "Pantala hymenaea", Common Winter Damselfly "Sympecma fusca" and Small Emerald Damselfly "Lestes virens"

4. In addition to the species listed above, Common Winter Damselfly "Sympecma fusca", Southern Skimmer "Orthetrum brunneum" and Southern Darter "Sympetrum meridionale" have been recorded in the Channel Islands. (Parr 2000a)

References

External links

* [http://www.dragonflysoc.org.uk/index.htm British Dragonfly Society]