Edward Steptoe

Edward Jenner Steptoe
Lt. Col. Edward Jenner Steptoe
Born	November 7, 1815(1815-11-07) Bedford County, Virginia
Died	April 1, 1865(1865-04-01) (aged 49)
Buried at	Presbyterian Cemetery, Lynchburg, VA (37°24′08″N 79°08′21″W / 37.402320°N 79.139244°W / 37.402320; -79.139244Coordinates: 37°24′08″N 79°08′21″W / 37.402320°N 79.139244°W / 37.402320; -79.139244)
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1837 - 1861
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel
Battles/wars	Mexican-American War Siege of Vera Cruz Battle of Cerro Gordo Battle of San Antonio Garita Battle of Buena Vista Battle of Chapultepec Indian Wars (Spokane – Coeur d'Alene – Paloos War) Battle of Pine Creek

Edward Jenner Steptoe (November 7, 1815 - April 1, 1865) was an officer in the United States Army who served in the Mexican-American War and the Indian Wars. He is primarily remembered for his defeat at the Battle of Pine Creek during the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War. It was at Pine Creek where Steptoe and 164 men were ambushed by over 1000 Indian warriors.^[1][2] The battle, and the subsequent (successful) retreat, is also known as "the Steptoe Disaster."^[3]

History

Steptoe was born in Virginia and graduated from West Point on July 1, 1837. He first saw action in Florida fighting against the Seminoles.^[3][4]

From 1838 to 1842, Steptoe fought extensively in the Mexican-American War. Initially at the rank of captain, he participated in The Siege of Vera Cruz, and fought in the Battles of Cerro Gordo, San Antonio Garita, Buena Vista, and Chapultepec. After Cerro Gordo he was promoted to brevet major, and following Chapultepec he was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel.^[4]

After the war, he was posted to Utah to deal with problems between Native Americans and white settlers. In 1854, President Franklin Pierce offered Steptoe the governorship of the Utah Territory, to replace Brigham Young. Steptoe did not receive the actual letter from Pierce until March 1855. By that time he had already decided to turn down the offer.^[4]

In May 1858, during the Spokane–Coeur d'Alene–Paloos War, a combined force of about 1,000 Coeur d’Alenes, Spokanes, and Palouses attacked and defeated a force of 164 US troops under Steptoe at the Battle of Pine Creek.^[1]

Marker at the Steptoe Battlefield near Rosalia, Washington

He retired due to ill health in 1861, and died four years later. He is buried in Lynchburg, Virginia, where his tombstone is marked: "Edward J. Steptoe, Lieut. Col., Army of the United States."

Geographic features named after Steptoe

• Steptoe, Washington
• Steptoe Butte
• Steptoe Valley

See also

• George Armstrong Custer
• George Wright
• Indian Wars
• Battle of Pine Creek

Bibliography

• Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States. During its first century; from original and official sources. By Charles Lanman. Washington, DC: James Anglim, 1876.

• Drake's Dictionary of American Biography. Including men of the time, containing nearly 10,000 notices of persons of both sexes, of native and foreign birth, who have been remarkable, or prominently connected with the arts, sciences, literature, politics, or history, of the American continent. By Francis S. Drake. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1872.

• Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars, 1492-1890. By Jerry Keenan. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1997.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Oregon volunteers battle the Walla Wallas and other tribes beginning on December 7, 1855, HistoryLink, April 20, 2008
2. ^ Johnson, Randall A., May 17, 1858. The Ordeal of the Steptoe Command (HistoryLink.org essay No. 8123)
3. ^ ^{a b} Keenan, Jerry. "Steptoe, Col. Edward Jenner." Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars 1492-1890 Santa Barbara, CA : ABC-CLIO, c1997 p. 223.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Biography of Edward Steptoe (University of Utah — Utah History Encyclopedia)

External links

• Biography of Edward Steptoe (University of Utah — Utah History Encyclopedia)
• Johnson, Randall A., May 17, 1858. The Ordeal of the Steptoe Command (HistoryLink.org essay No. 8123)
• "Saturday is 150th anniversary of Battle of Steptoe" By NICHOLAS K. GERANIOS, AP Posted: 2008-05-17 17:35:15
• Edward Steptoe burial location via Findagrave.com

Persondata
Name	Steptoe, Edward
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	November 7, 1815
Place of birth	Bedford County, Virginia
Date of death	April 1, 1865
Place of death