British Rail Class D20/2

Infobox Locomotive
name = British Rail Class D20/2
powertype = Diesel-hydraulic


caption =
roadnumber = D600–D604
totalproduction = 5
nicknames = “Warships”
builder = North British Locomotive Co.
serialnumber = 27660–27664
builddate = 1958–1959
gauge = RailGauge|ussg|lk=on|al=on
primemover = NBL-MAN L12V 18/21S, 2 off
transmission = Hydraulic, Voith L306r
whytetype = A1A-A1A
uicclass = (A1A)'(A1A)'
wheeldiameter = "Driving:" convert|3|ft|7|in|m|3|abbr=on
"Idling:" convert|3|ft|3+1/2|in|m|3|abbr=on
minimumcurve =
trainbrakes = Vacuum
locobrakeforce = convert|88|LTf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=in
wheelbase = convert|50|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on
length = convert|65|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on
width = convert|8|ft|8|in|m|2|abbr=on
height = convert|12|ft|10|in|m|2|abbr=on
weight = convert|117|LT|sigfig=3|lk=on
topspeed = convert|90|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on|lk=on
poweroutput = "Engines:" convert|1000|bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=on × 2
tractiveeffort = "Maximum:" convert|50000|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on
"Continuous:" convert|39600|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on
fuelc
convert|800|impgal|abbr=on|lk=on
trainheating = Steam
multipleworking = ■ Orange Square
axleloadclass = Route availability
railroad = British Railways
retiredate = December 1967
disposition = All scrappedThe British Railways Class D20/2 diesel-hydraulic locomotives were built by the North British Locomotive Company in Glasgow during 1957 and 1958. Although never assigned a TOPS class as they were withdrawn before TOPS was introduced British Loco enthusiasts coined the term "Class 41". All were named after Royal Navy vessels, hence the nameplates each bore a subtitle "Warship Class".

History

The fleet was ordered by the British Transport Commission as direct comparison with British Rail Class 40, and were not actually wanted by the Western Region, who preferred their production fleet of Warships. The D600s were the result of power politics within the BTC and the WR: the former was unwilling to sanction radical, stressed-skin lightweight construction locomotives at the time, while the latter was equally insistent that at least some of the new Type 4 power range locomotives on order be equipped with hydraulic transmission. They were much heavier than production Warships (almost 120 tons compared to 80 tons) and can be regarded as standard 1950s British design diesel locomotives that just happened to contain two lightweight, high-revving diesel engines coupled to hydraulic transmissions rather than one large, slow-revving diesel engine and electrical generator set. For this reason they were practically obsolete in design terms before they had left the drawing board.

Mechanical details

Each locomotive was equipped with two MAN L12V18/21A diesel engines, each set to produce 1000 hp (750 kW) at 1445 rpm. This conservative rating was partly because NBL was very inexperienced at constructing diesel locomotives and partly because the Voith L306r three speed transmissions available at the time were not able to accept more. MAN had refined the engine design to produce 1100hp at around the time the D600 order was placed with NBL. The A1A-A1A wheel arrangement likewise came about because the BTC-mandated heavyweight construction required 6 axles to keep to a 20 ton axle loading, but NBL could not work out how to create a pivotless bogie and driving arrangement for C-C wheel arrangement. There were no C-C diesel-hydraulic locomotives to use as a template in mid-1955. The arrangement produced a continuous tractive effort of 39,600 lbf (176 kN) at 12.6 mph (20.3 km/h). Unusually for a British diesel locomotive, the D600s had spoked wheels. They could work in multiple with each other or up to two D6300 locomotives using the orange square coupling code.

ervice and liveries

D600 was officially completed on 25 November 1957 but was not handed over to BR until the December. Some trial runs with passenger coaches were done in south-west Scotland before D600 was allocated to Swindon in January 1958. A press run was arranged for 17 February 1958 when D600 hauled a 340 ton train between London Paddington and Bristol Temple Meads with stops at Reading, Didcot and Swindon. The twin engine reliability came in handy when one of the engines cut out soon after leaving Bristol on the return run; the last 100 miles back to London were on one engine only.

D601 appeared in March 1958 and was also initially allocated to Swindon. However by June 1958, both were based at Plymouth Laira and D602-D604 were then allocated there from new.

Entering service between January 1958 and January 1959, the class initially worked on the London-Plymouth-Penzance route of the Western Region. On 16 June 1958 D601 hauled the Cornish Riviera Express non-stop from Paddington to Plymouth—the first diesel locomotive to do so. The maximum permitted loads for a D600 on such a run were 375 tons (381 tonnes) westbound (climbing the 1-in-37 of Dainton Bank, west of Newton Abbot, and up Hemerdon bank's 1-in-42 in the opposite direction). The D600s continued on the fast Bristol/West of England trains until a dozen D800 Warships had been accepted into service. Later they were largely restricted to the line west of Plymouth, finally being withdrawn en block in December 1967. They were, however, noted for being capable of over 90 mph if worked well and did run at 100 mph (160 km/h) during their very early careers. D603 was damaged in an accident and was returned to NBL for repair in 1960: it seems the cast light alloy cabs were replaced with sheet steel as the original NBL subcontractor for these items was not prepared to fabricate a small, one-off order.

From new the D600s wore standard BR green with a white horizontal band between the cabs a few inches above the solebar. By the time of withdrawal D600 was in all-over rail blue, D602 was blue with small yellow warning panels on each nose and D601/3/4 were still green, albeit with yellow warning panels.

Withdrawal and scrapping

All five locomotives were withdrawn on 30 December 1967. By this time they were non-standard, even for hydraulic designs, although according to Laira staff reliability was not an issue as many have thought. BR had been ordered to reduce the number of main line locomotive classes from 28 to 15 by 1974, primarily by eliminating types which were known to be unreliable, had high maintenance costs or were so few in number as to be non-standard. As the table below shows, there was a substantial gap between delivery of D601 and D602 because NBL had to equip itself to construct the engines and transmissions for these three locomotives. By this time the first Swindon-built D800s had entered service and these were the lightweight and more powerful diesel-hydraulic locomotives that the WR really wanted.

D600 and D601 were sold to Woodhams scrapyard in Barry where D601 remained until the early 1980s. Preservation for D601 was denied on the ground that it was too far gone to be restored to operational conditional and was not considered to be worth preserving for display only. The last survivor of what had been Class D20/2 was broken up without mourning in Woodhams Scrapyard, surrounded by locos which it had been intended to replace. D602-D604 were sold to Cashmores of Newport who broke them up far more quickly than Woodhams (who concentrated on easily-processible wagons before tackling locomotives). Somewhat ironically, as the fleet only lasted eight years in revenue-earning service, D600 and D601 actually spent more time in the scrapyard than they did hauling trains on the main line.

No Class D20/2 Warships survive in preservation, or indeed any main line North British diesel or electric products save for Class 84 25kV AC electric locomotive no. 84001.

Class details

Models

A 00 gauge kit is available from silver fox models but at this time there hasn't been a ready to run model of the Class D20/2. Dapol have announced (March 2008) that a limited edition OO RTR model of the Class D20/2 will be produced in collaboration with Kernow Model Rail Centre. This is expected to be available in 2010. Worsley Works produce a body kit in 'N', 2mm & 3mm scales.

References

*cite journal | last = Marsden | first = Colin J | title = The Warships | journal =Modern Railways Pictorial Profile| issue = 12 | pages = p10 | publisher = Ian Allen Ltd | location = Weybridge | date = February - April 1986 | unused_data = |ISSN 0264 3642
*cite book | last = Reed | first = Brian | title = Diesel-Hydraulic Locomotives of the Western Region| publisher = David and Charles | date = 1974 | isbn = 0 7153 6769 2

External links

* [http://www.kernowmodelrailcentre.com/page/28/Warship_Limited_Editions Kernow Model Rail Centre]
* [http://www.silverfoxmodels.co.uk/ Silver Fox Models]