Buffalo Car Manufacturing Company

Infobox Company
name = Buffalo Car Manufacturing Company

type = private
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foundation = 1872
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location_city = Buffalo, NY
location_country = United States
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industry = rail transport
products = freight cars
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Buffalo Car Manufacturing Company, also known as Buffalo Car Company or Buffalo Car Works, was an American manufacturer of railroad freight cars in the late 19th century. [cite book| title=Directory of Iron and Steel Works of the United States and Canada| page=p 215| chapter=Carbuilders| year=1889| author=American Iron and Steel Association| publisher=Allen, Lane & Scott| location=Philadelphia, PA| edition=Tenth Edition| url=http://books.google.com/books/pdf/Directory_of_Iron_and_Steel_Works_of_the.pdf?id=lzQKAAAAIAAJ&output=pdf&sig=S0-ztnpOmG832P43BJ5Zn6BfCjQ| format=PDF| ] In 1899, this company was merged with twelve others to form American Car and Foundry Company.cite web| url=http://www.midcontinent.org/rollingstock/builders/buffalo_carco.htm| title=Buffalo Car Company| publisher=Mid-Continent Railway Museum| date=2006-04-09| accessdate=2008-04-13| ] cite web| url=http://www.umsl.edu/barriger/collections/acf.htm| title=The ACF Industries Archival Collection| publisher=John W. Barriger III National Railroad Library| accessdate=2008-04-13| ]

History

Buffalo Car Manufacturing Company was actually the second company located in Buffalo, New York, to be known as Buffalo Car Works. The earlier company was founded in 1853; by 1856, its plant on land between the New York Central Railroad's mainline through Buffalo and the Niagara River encompassed 15 buildings. [cite book| title=The American Railroad Freight Car| author=White, John H., Jr.| page=p 142| publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press| location=Boston and London| year=1993| isbn=0-8018-5236-6| ]

The newer company was founded as Buffalo Car Company in 1872 and merged with Niagara Car Wheel Company in 1890. The consolidated company became known as Buffalo Car Manufacturing Company and entered into a business relationship with Union Car Company, based in Depew, New York. Buffalo and Union were both operated independently for the next decade despite their business relationship and their manufacturing shops being located in relatively close proximity to each other.

In 1895, Buffalo was awarded a contract, valued at $900,000, from New York Central Railroad to build its most expensive freight cars to date with an order for 1,500 boxcars. The cars were to feature air brakes, automatic couplers and all-steel trucks. [cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9A01E0D71339E033A2575BC0A9659C94649ED7CF&oref=slogin| format=PDF| title=New Cars for the Central| publisher=New York Times| date=1895-03-08| accessdate=2008-04-13| ] Buffalo was awarded another lucrative contract in 1898 to build 500 hopper cars for the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway; although the cars included drop doors to unload the cars through the floor, the cars were intended to be used in conjunction with a car dumper that would unload the car through end doors directly into the hold of a coal-fired ship. [cite book| title=Trains and Technology: The American Railroad in the Nineteenth Century| author=Bianculli, Anthony J| page=p 113| volume=Volume 2: Cars| location=Newark| publisher=University of Delaware Press| isbn=0-87413-792-2| ]

In 1899, Buffalo and twelve other companies, including Union Car Company, were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company (ACF). [cite web| url=http://users.rcn.com/jimdu4/SaveThe129.htm| title=Draft Report of Rutland Baggage Car No. 129| author=McKnight, Patrick, Steamtown NHS Park Historian| date=2000-06-15| accessdate=2008-04-13| work=Remembering the Rutland| ] The former Buffalo plant was used during World War I to manufacture munitions for the war. ACF closed the Buffalo plant in 1931 and then reopened it in 1940 to produce munitions for World War II; the plant closed again after the war and reopened again in 1951 to produce parts needed for nuclear weapons. ACF closed the Buffalo plant permanently in 1954.

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