Onward (sternwheeler 1858)

Onward assisting at Salem, Oregon during Willamette River floods of late 1861
Career
Name:	Onward
Owner:	Oregon Steam Navigation Company[1]
Route:	upper Willamette River
In service:	1858[1]
Out of service:	1865[1] or 1880[2]
Identification:	US 19154[1]
Fate:	dismantled at Canemah[1]
General characteristics
Type:	shallow draft inland passenger-freighter
Tonnage:	120 gross
Length:	120 ft (37 m)[1][3]
Beam:	26 ft (8 m)[1]
Depth:	4.0 ft (1 m) depth of hold[1]
Installed power:	steam, twin high pressure horizontally mounted, single-cylinder engines, 16" bore by 60" stroke, 17 horsepower nominal[1]
Propulsion:	sternwheel[2]

Onward was an early steamboat on the Willamette River built at Canemah, Oregon in 1858. This vessel should not be confused other steamboats named Onward, including in particular the Tualatin Landing , which operated on the Tualatin River under Capt. Joseph Kellogg.^[4][2][5]

Design, construction and ownership

George A. Pease, an early captain of Onward

Onward was the successor of the Enterprise in Capt. Archibald Jamieson's line of steamers. She was built at Canemah with the proceeds from the sale of the Enterprise to Capt. Tom Wright, and was intended to compete with the Jacob Kamm, Josiah Myrick, James Strang, and George A. Pease. With Pease in command, Onward proved a money-maker from the start, paying $i4,000 in dividends the first year. Kamm and Myrick were both shareholders in the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and it was at this time that the steamer came under the control of that powerful combination. Pease ran her until about 1863, when the boat was transferred to the People's Transportation Company and Capt. George Jerome took command. She was a serviceable boat and was considered to be very well powered, with large engines and a new style locomotive boiler.^[6]

Rescue mission during 1861 floods

During the great flood of the Willamette River in November and December 1861, which among other things destroyed Champoeg and Linn City the steamer was able to run through the streets of Salem to rescue people. For Onward this started out as a routine upriver journey from Canemah. The river was cluttered with debris from riverside houses and landings that had been washed downstream by the flood. By the time Onward reached Salem, her ordinary commercial operation turned into one of rescuing people from the flooded city.^[4]

Transfer to People's Transportation Company

Onward was operated by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, or "O.S.N.", which was on its way to achieving a monopoly on river transport on both the Columbia and Willamette rivers. In the 1860s there were in Oregon no railroads of any length and roads of any kind were crude and difficult. All modern transport proceeded on the rivers, and control over the rivers would have given O.S.N. effective commercial dominion over the entire Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

O.S.N beat back or bought out all challengers until the People's Transportation Company was organized and put up such hot competition for O.S.N. that a deal was reached whereby People's would stay off the Columbia river, O.S.N. would stay off the Willamette, People's would get a cash subsidy from O.S.N., and the two company's would swap boats, O.S.N. to receive People's boats on the Columbia, and People's to gain O.S.N.'s boats on the Willamette, which included Onward.^[2]

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Affleck, Edward L., A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska, at 22, Alexander Nicholls Press, Vancouver, BC 2000 ISBN 0-920034-08-X
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Mills, Randall V., Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country, at 56 and 136, and 199, University of Nebraska, Lincoln NE (1977 reprint of 1947 ed.) ISBN0-8032-5874-7
3. ^ Affleck also reports alternative lengths of 125 ft (38 m) and 115 ft (35 m).
4. ^ ^{a b} Corning, Howard McKinley, Willamette Landings -- Ghost Towns on the River, at 45, 122, and 174-75, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR (2d Ed. 1973) ISBN 87595-042-6
5. ^ Timmen, Fritz, Blow for the Landing -- A Hundred Years of Steam Navigation on the Waters of the West, at 89-90, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1973 ISBN 0-87004-221-1
6. ^ Wright, E.W., ed., Lewis & Dryden Marine History of the Pacific Northwest, at 75-76 and 91, Lewis & Dryden Printing Co., Portland, OR 1895