Ventilator-associated lung injury
- Ventilator-associated lung injury
Ventilator-associated lung injury, also known by the abbreviation VALI, is lung injury thought to be due to artifical (mechanical) ventilation.
Etiology
VALI is thought to be caused by multiple factors.Fact|date=March 2008
The human lung normally ventilates by using negative pressure in the thorax. Once positive pressure is applied, some degree of VILI is likely to occur.
One major causative factor is the over stretching of the airways and alveoli. During mechanical ventilation, the flow of gas into the lung will take the path of least resistance. Areas of the lung that are collapsed (atelectasis) or filled with secretions will be under inflated, while those areas that are relatively normal will be over inflated. These areas will become over distended and injured. This may be reduced by using smaller tidal volumes.
During positive pressure ventilation, atelectatic regions will inflate, however the alveoli will be unstable and will collapse during the expiratory phase of the breath. This repeated alveolar collapse and expansion (RACE) is thought to cause VALI. By opening the lung and keeping the lung open RACE (and VALI) is reduced.[cite journal |author=Krishnan JA, Brower RG |title=High-frequency ventilation for acute lung injury and ARDS |journal=Chest |volume=118 |issue=3 |pages=795–807 |year=2000 |pmid=10988205 |doi= [http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/118/3/795 Free Full Text] .] ]Prevention
High frequency ventilation is thought to reduce ventilator-associated lung injury, especially in the context of ARDS and acute lung injury.[cite journal |author=Krishnan JA, Brower RG |title=High-frequency ventilation for acute lung injury and ARDS |journal=Chest |volume=118 |issue=3 |pages=795–807 |year=2000 |pmid=10988205 |doi= [http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/118/3/795 Free Full Text] .] ]References
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Acute lung injury — (ALI) is a diffuse heterogeneous lung injury characterized by hypoxemia, non cardiogenic pulmonary edema, low lung compliance and widespread capillary leakage. ALI is caused by any stimulus of local or systemic inflammation, principally sepsis.… … Wikipedia
Medical ventilator — For other uses, see Modes of mechanical ventilation. For other uses, see ventilation (physiology). The Bird VIP Infant ventilator A medical ventilator can be defined as any machine designed to mechanically move breatheable air into and out of the … Wikipedia
Open lung ventilation — Contents 1 Benefit 2 Dangers 3 Application 4 References … Wikipedia
Mechanical ventilation — In architecture and climate control, mechanical or forced ventilation is the use of powered equipment, e.g. fans and blowers, to move air see ventilation (architecture). Mechanical ventilation Intervention … Wikipedia
Modes of mechanical ventilation — Contents 1 Positive and negative pressure ventilation 1.1 Negative pressure ventilation 1.1.1 Types of negat … Wikipedia
Tracheal intubation — Intervention Anesthesiologist using the Glidescope video laryngoscope to intubate the trachea of a morbidly obese elderly person with challenging airway anatomy … Wikipedia
Pressure controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation — (PC IMV) is any mode of mechanical ventilation with preset inspiratory pressure (Pressure Control) and inspiratory time (Ti). Spontaneous breaths (i.e., inspiration is patient triggered and patient cycled) can exist between mandatory breaths… … Wikipedia
Positive end-expiratory pressure — (PEEP) is the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration.[1] The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic… … Wikipedia
Острый респираторный дистресс-синдром — Рентгенограмма … Википедия
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 J80 Atemnotsyndrom des Erwachsenen [ARDS] … Deutsch Wikipedia
