Spiritual capital

Spiritual capital is the newest concept among the four basic forms of capital - material capital (or financial capital), intellectual capital, social capital and spiritual capital. It is a term with various definitions, while most scholars define spiritual capital as what makes life meaningful. Some scholars equal spiritual capital to religion capital, that is, the power and influence produced by religion belief and practice.

Definitions

A widely used definition is that of Metanexus Institute, which defines spiritual capital as "the effects of spiritual and religious practices, beliefs, networks and institutions that have a measurable impact on individuals, communities and societies". Another general definition is what offered by A Liu that defines spiritual capital as the power, influence and dispositions created by a person or an organization’s spiritual belief, knowledge and practice.

Measurements

Spiritual capital is measured at three levels - individual level, organizational level and national level. The method of Danah Zohar measures spiritual capital at the individual level, that is, to measure spiritual intelligence with a psychometrics approach. Many management consultants measure organizational spiritual capital in a way similar to that of social capital. A Liu uses a composite index approach and has developed the spiritual capital index to measure spiritual capital of countries.

References

* "Spiritual Capital: Wealth We Can Live By Danah Zohar and Ian Marshall" (2004; ISBN 1576751384)

* "Competing in the New Capitalism by Lawrence M. Miller 2006, Author House"

* "Spiritual Capital: Using Spiritual Wealth to Enhance Your Health by Morris Scott, Cutts Teresa LuLu.com "

* "God is at Work by Ken Eldred 2005 Regal Books "

* "Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. by Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. "

* "Spiritual information : 100 perspectives on science and religion. by Harper, C. L., & Templeton, J. (Eds.). (2005). Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press. "

* "Spiritual intelligence at work : meaning, metaphor, and morals. by Pava, M. L., & Primeaux, P. (2004). Amsterdam ; London: Jai. "

* "Spiritual capital, academic capital and the politics of scholarship: A response to Bradford Verter Method & Theory in the Study of Religion, 17(2), 166-175. by Urban, H. (2005). "

* "Spiritual capital: Theorizing religion with Bourdieu against Bourdieu Sociological Theory, 21(2), 50-174. by Verter, B. (2003). "

* "Spirituality and ethics in management. by Zsolnai, L. (2004). Dordrecht Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Academic. "

* "Ethics and spirituality at work : hopes and pitfalls of the search for meaning in organizations. by Pauchant, T. C. (2002). Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. "

External links

* [http://www.rminst.org/sci the Spiritual Capital Index]
* [http://www.researchmethods.org/MeasuringSpCapital.pdf Measuring Spiritual Capital as a Latent Variable by A Liu]
* [http://www.metanexus.net/spiritual_capital/What_is.asp Metanexus Institute]
* [http://www.ocrpl.org/?cat=2 Spiritual Capital and Economic Enterprise by Oxford Center]
* [http://www.samrima.com/upload_user/SpiritualCapital.pdf A Brief Survey of Spiritual Capital]
* [http://en.bimba.edu.cn/article.asp?articleid=2012 Material Capital, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital]
* [http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/barro/files/religion%20paper%20ajs%20revised.pdf Religion and Political Economy - Harvard]