Sun Lu-t'ang

Sun Lu-t'ang (Sūn Lùtáng 孫祿堂, 1861-1932) was a renowned master of Chinese Neijia (internal) martial arts and was the progenitor of the syncretic art of Sun style Tai Chi Chuan (孫家). [cite magazine|last=Yip|first=Li (Faye)|title=Principles and Practice of Sun Style T’ai Chi – T’AI CHI The International Magazine of T’ai Chi Ch’uan Vol. 22 No. 2|publisher=Wayfarer Publications|date=April 1998|issn=0730-1049] He was also considered an accomplished Neo-Confucian and Taoist scholar (especially in the I Ching), and was a distinguished contributor to the theory of internal martial arts through his many published works.cite book|last=Wile|first=Douglas|title=Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty (Chinese Philosophy and Culture)|publisher=State University of New York Press|date=1995|isbn=978-0791426548]

Biography

When born in 1861 in Hebei province he was named Sun Fuquan (孫福全) by his parents, and was later given the name Sun Lutang by Cheng Tinghua (程延華), his baguazhang teacher, years later. (It was common in old China for people to have multiple names). He continued to use his original name in some areas, including the publishing of his books.

He was first noted as an expert in two other internal martial arts styles: Hsing-i Ch'uan (Xingyiquan) and Pa Kua Chang (Baguazhang) before he came to study T'ai Chi. Sun learned Wu/Hao style T'ai Chi Ch'üan from Hao Wei-chen. [cite magazine|last=Yip|first=Li (Faye)|title=Principles and Practice of Sun Style T’ai Chi – T’AI CHI The International Magazine of T’ai Chi Ch’uan Vol. 22 No. 2|publisher=Wayfarer Publications|date=April 1998|issn=0730-1049]

Sun started studying with Hao relatively late in his life, but his accomplishments in the other two internal arts led him to develop his T'ai Chi abilities to a high standard more quickly than is usual.

He subsequently was invited by Yang Shao-hou, Yang Ch'eng-fu and Wu Chien-ch'üan to join them on the faculty of the Beijing Physical Education Research Institute where they taught T'ai Chi to the public after 1914.cite book|last=Wile|first=Douglas|title=Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty (Chinese Philosophy and Culture)|publisher=State University of New York Press|date=1995|isbn=978-0791426548] Sun taught there until 1928, a seminal period in the development of modern Yang, Wu and Sun style T'ai Chi Ch'uan.cite book|last=Wile|first=Douglas|title=Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty (Chinese Philosophy and Culture)|publisher=State University of New York Press|date=1995|isbn=978-0791426548]

Family

In 1891 he married Zhang Zhouxian, with whom he had three sons and a daughter.
* First son, Sun Xingyi (孫星一) (1891-1929)
* Second son, Sun Cunzhou (孫存周) (1893-1963)
* Third son, Sun Huanmin (孫換民) (1897-1922)
* Daughter, Sun Jianyun (孫劍雲) (1913-2003)

Teachers

* Xingyiquan from Li Kuiyuan (李魁元), and later from Guo Yunshen (郭雲深) (from 1882).
* Baguazhang from Cheng Tinghua (程延華) (from 1891).
* Wu Yuxiang style Taijiquan from Hao Weizhen (郝為眞) (from 1911).

Publications

In later life, he published five martial arts texts:

*"Xingyiquan xue" (A study of form mind boxing) 1915
*"Baguaquan xue" (A study of eight trigrams boxing) 1916
*"Taijiquan xue" (A study of grand ultimate boxing) 1921
*"Baguajian xue" (A study of eight trigrams straight sword) 1927
*"Quanyi Shuzhen" (An explanation of the essence of boxing)

He also wrote a study of Xingyi spear, though this was never published.

(These five texts are available in a collected Chinese language edition from [http://www.plumpub.com/ Lion Books] , and English translations of individual texts can also be acquired)

T'ai Chi family tree

This family tree is not comprehensive.

LEGENDARY FIGURES
Zhang Sanfeng* circa 12th century NEI CHIA
Wang Zongyue* T'AI CHI CH'ÜAN
THE 5 MAJOR CLASSICAL FAMILY STYLES
Chen Wangting 1600-1680 9th generation Chen CHEN STYLE
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

Chen Changxing Chen Youben 1771-1853 14th generation Chen circa 1800s 14th generation Chen Chen Old Frame Chen New Frame

Yang Lu-ch'an Chen Qingping 1799–1872 1795–1868 YANG STYLE Chen Small Frame, Zhaobao Frame

+---------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| |
Yang Pan-hou Yang Chien-hou Wu Yu-hsiang 1837–92 1839–1917 1812–80 Yang Small Frame | WU/HAO STYLE
+-----------------+
| |
Wu Ch'uan-yü Yang Shao-hou Yang Ch'eng-fu Li I-yü 1834–1902 1862–1930 1883–1936 1832–92
Yang Small Frame Yang Big Frame
Wu Chien-ch'üan | Hao Wei-chen 1870–1942 Yang Shou-chung 1849–1920 WU STYLE 1910–85 108 Form
Sun Lu-t'ang Wu Kung-i 1861–1932 1900–70 SUN STYLE

Wu Ta-kuei Sun Hsing-i 1923–72 1891–1929

Note to Family tree table

Names denoted by an asterisk are legendary or semilegendary figures in the lineage, which means their involvement in the lineage, while accepted by most of the major schools, isn't independently verifiable from known historical records.

References

* [http://www.suntaichi.com/sunlutang.html Sun style website]
* [http://www.egreenway.com/taichichuan/sun1.htm Sun style researched]
* [http://pages.videotron.com/fourquet/ Sun style Forum]