Ivan Tavčar

Ivan Tavčar (28 August 1851 – 19 February 1923) was a Slovene writer, lawyer, and politician.

Biography

Tavčar was born into a poor peasant family in the Carniolan village of Poljane near Škofja Loka in what was then the Austrian Empire and is now in Slovenia. He started schooling in his home village and continued in Ljubljana from where he was expelled for reasons of discipline. For a while he attended secondary school in Novo mesto and eventually returned to Ljubljana. In 1871 he began studying law at Vienna University. He began his political career in the Provincial Assembly of the Duchy of Carniola, where he formed the core of a radical group of the liberals together with Ivan Hribar. He became one of the leading members of the National Progressive Party and long served as the chief editor of the party journal "Slovenski narod", succeeding Josip Jurčič. Between 1901 and 1907 he was member of the Austro-Hungarian Parliament. In 1911, he succeeded Ivan Hribar as mayor of Ljubljana.

He remained in office until 1921, when he withdrew from public life after being diagnosed with cancer of the intestine. He spent his last years on his estate in Visoko near Škofja Loka.

He was married to Franja Tavčar, a leading figure in the Slovene feminist movement at the time. The couple was the center of the social life in Ljubljana. They were both active in many organizations. Tavčar was very keen in sport and promoted cycling and athletics. He was one of the founders of the Sokol movement in the Slovene Lands.

Politics

Ivan Tavčar was one of the main figures in the national-liberal political movement in the Slovene Lands which emerged in the late 19th century from the Young Slovenes movement. After the Slovenian National Movement split in the Catholic and Progressive wing in the late 1880s, Tavčar became one of the co-founders of the "National Party of Carniola" (renamed to National Progressive Party in 1905). He led the party together with Ivan Hribar until the end of World War One, when it merged into Svetozar Pribićević's "State Party of Serbian, Croatian and Slovene Democrats" (later renamed to Yugoslav Democratic Party). After 1918, Hribar became a staunch supporter of Yugoslav unitarism, that is the merger of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs into one Yugoslav nation.

Tavčar was also famous for his polemics with the Catholic theoretician Anton Mahnič. In 1884, Mahnič published a satiric short story, entitled "Indija Koromandija", in which he mocked the progressive ideas of Josip Stritar, whom Tavčar admired. Tavčar responded with the dystopic novel with the name "4000", in which he described the sad and repressive society resulting from the implementation of Mahnič's integralist policies.

Literary work

He was influenced by the literature of the older generation of Slovenian nationalist and liberal authors, known as Young Slovenes ("Mladoslovenci"), among them Fran Levstik, Josip Jurčič, Josip Stritar and Janko Kersnik. Tavčar was however one of the first who fully adhered to Literary realism, rejecting the post-romanticism of the Young Slovenes.
He started writing already at the age of 17 in a school magazine and reached his stylistic maturity in his latest works. He signed many of his works with the pseudonym "Emil Leon". He often depicted rural environments of his native Upper Carniola, in which he saw a genuine and healthy counterpart to the somehow degenerated urban life. His most important work is "The Visoko Chronicle", ("Visoška kronika" in Slovene), a short historical novel set in the period after the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century. Another important work is "Cvetje v jeseni" ("The Autumn Blooms"), a novel of a middle age urban dweller who moves to the countriside, where he falls in love with a younger girl.
Although he never rejected his Roman Catholic religion, he was "de facto" an agnostic who adhered to an outward naturalistic world view. In his novels, he conveyed a critically optimistic view on the human condition, drawing from the tradition of Enlightenment and humanism.

Essential bibliography

* "Ivan Slavelj" (1876)
* "Vita vitae meae" (1883)
* "Mrtva srca" ("The Dead Shadow", 1884)
* "Janez Sonce" (1885-1886)
* "Med gorami" ("Among the Mountains", collection of short stories, 1876-1888)
* "Grajski pisar" ("The Castle Scribe, 1889)
* "4000" (1891)
* "V Zali" ("In the Zala Valley", 1894)
* "Izza kongresa" ("Behind the Congress", 1905-1908)
* "Cvetje v jeseni" ("Autumn Blooms", 1917)
* "Visoška kronika" ("The Visoko Chronicle", 1919)

Sources

*Branko Berčič, "Mladost Ivana Tavčarja" (Ljubljana, Slovenska matica, 1971).
* [http://www.ijs.si/lit/visoska.html-l2 Miran Hladnik, "Visoška kronika"] .
*Franček Bohanec, "Ivan Tavčar" (Ljubljana, Partizanska knjiga, 1985).
*Igor Grdina, "Slovenci med tradicijo in perspektivo: politični mozaik 1860-1918" (Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 2003).
*Anton Slodnjak, "Realizem kod Slovenaca" (Beograd: Radnički univerzitet, 1960).

See also

*Anton Aškerc
*Slovenian literature
*List of Slovenian writers
*Culture of Slovenia
*Liberalism in Slovenia