Spanish Brazilian

Infobox Ethnic group
group = flagicon|Spain Spanish Brazilian flagicon|Brazil "Hispano brasileño·Hispano-brasileiro"


caption =
poptime = 15,000,000 Spanish Brazilians 8% of the Brazilian population [ [http://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/historiadobrasil/a-imigracao-espanhola-no-brasil.htm People of Spanish descent in Brazil] ]
popplace = Brazil:Mainly Southeastern Brazil
langs = Portuguese Language, Spanish
rels = Predominantly Roman Catholic·Protestant·Jewish minority
related = White Brazilian, Spanish people, Portuguese Brazilians, Arab Brazilians

Spanish-Brazilian (Spanish: "hispanobrasileño", Portuguese: "hispano-brasileiro") is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Spanish ancestry, or a Spanish-born person residing in Brazil.

Brazil was a colony of Portugal. Although some Galicians and other Spaniards had followed the Portuguese settlers to Brazil since the 16th century, Spanish immigration began, officially, in the 1880s with Galician smallholders who settled mainly in urban areas of Brazil. Starting in the early 20th century, most Spanish immigrants were Andalusian peasants who worked in the coffee plantations, mainly in rural areas of São Paulo State.

Like other immigrants, they brought their entire families, including children. After working in coffee farms, they became permanent residents and worked as scrap metal merchants or restaurant employees. They eventually diversified into other professions. Spanish immigrants numbered approximately 14% of the foreign settlers in Brazil — 700,000 Spaniards immigrated to Brazil between 1880 and 1950 — being the third largest immigrant group, after the Portuguese and Italians, and 78% of them settled in São Paulo State. The movement of Spanish Brazilians to cities and towns continues. Brazilians with Spanish ancestry from neighboring and other Ibero-American nations live in border areas or main Brazilian urban places. Although the vast majority of the Spanish immigrants initially established themselves in rural areas, where they set up on small or medium-sized farms, they also made their presence felt in urban areas. At the outset, the Spaniards were mostly scrap-metal merchants or else employed in restaurants. They then gradually diversified their activities.

There are an estimated 15 million Brazilians of Spanish descent, the States with the largest number of Spanish descent are São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Bahia. [ [http://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/historiadobrasil/a-imigracao-espanhola-no-brasil.htm A Imigração Espanhola no Brasil ] ] They are totally integrated into Brazilian society and nowadays most of them only speak Portuguese. Nonetheless, Spanish is the second most important foreign language taught in Brazilian schools, after English. Spanish and Portuguese are the main languages of Ibero-America. A mixed language based on Portuguese and Spanish called Portuñol, is used on the Brazilian borders with Spanish-speaking countries. Most Spanish Brazilians are Roman Catholic, with some communities adhering to Protestantism and Judaism. [ [http://www.comciencia.br/reportagens/migracoes/migr20.htm Brasil: migrações internacionais e identidade ] ]

Numbers of immigrants

Spanish settlement in Brazil Source: (IBGE) [ [http://www.ibge.gov.br/brasil500/home.html Brasil 500 anos ] ]
	Period
Ethnic group	1884-1893	1894-1903	1904-1913	1914-1923	1924-1933	1945-1949	1950-1954	1955-1959
Spaniards	113,116	102,142	224,672	94,779	52,405	40,092	53,357	38,819

Notable Spanish-Brazilians

B

* Jose Ramirez Barreto
* Ana Beatriz Barros
* Biurrun
* Clóvis Bornay
* Galvão Bueno

C

* Pedro Casaldáliga
* Américo Castro
* Claudia Cepeda
* Chico Aramburu
* Raul Cortez
* Gal Costa
* Mário Covas

D

* Zé do Caixão

E

* Emílio Garrastazu Médici

F

* Gilberto Freyre

G

* Roger Galera Flores
* Luciana Gimenez

J

* Sérgio Jimenez

M

* Marco Antonio Alvarez Ferreira
* Luis Fernando Martinez
* Gisele Miro
* André Franco Montoro

N

* Vitor Negrete

O

* Oscarito

P

* José Lázaro Robles
* Nélida Piñon

* Roberto Salmeron
* Ivete Sangalo
* Queen Silvia of Sweden

V

* Drauzio Varella

ee also

* Immigration to Brazil
* White Brazilian
* White Latin American

References