BDSM in culture and media

There are several references to BDSM in culture and media. References are found in books, films, television, music, magazines and online media such as podcasts.

Newspapers and magazines

During the last years events and figures related to BDSM were repeatedly spotlighted in the media.
* In 2002, the Washington Post ran an article revealing that Jack McGeorge, a munitions analyst for the UNMOVIC, was also a leader in the Washington, DC BDSM community. Following this, several commentators compared his BDSM activities repeatedly with the torture techniques used by Saddam Hussein, others compared today's discrimination of BDSM practitioners with the situation of homosexuals in the past.
* Following the discovery of Armin Meiwes (also known as the "Rotenburg Cannibal" or "Metzgermeister" ("The Master Butcher"), European yellow press described his case giving hints on "sado-maso-games" between the delinquent and his victim.

* In Germany "EMMA", a well known feminist magazine published by Alice Schwarzer, continued its "PorNO" campaign against "hatred towards women" and "violent pornography" aiming to ban pornography in Germany. In it Schwarzer states among other things that sadomasochistic practices are generally to be equated with violence against women. Her judgment on female sadomasochism ("Female masochism is collaboration!") has often been criticized for implying a state of war between genders. ["Weiblicher Masochismus ist Kollaboration!" from EMMA Heft 2, 1991 ]

The same magazine tried to bash Helmut Newton, accusing him of "pornografization of fashion photography", and criticized his "therein unrestrainedly realized sadomasochistic obsessions". [An extensive analysis of the magazine and Schwarzer campaigns is available at [http://www.datenschlag.org/papiertiger/lexikon/emma.html Papiertiger#Emma] (German)]

During the last years BDSM support group and publications repeatedly criticized a biased media coverage of BDSM. [Manuela Münchow, Bundesvereinigung Sadomasochismus: "Stellungnahme zum Grünbuch "Gleichstellung sowie Bekämpfung von Diskriminierungen in einer erweiterten Europäischen Union" der Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften (Brüssel, den 28.05.2004 KOM(2004) 379)", 31.08.2004 (German), and the detailed chronology "Der Papiertiger: Presse" ("media coverage") in the Encyclopedia of Sadomasochism [http://www.datenschlag.org/papiertiger/lexikon/presse.html Datenschlag.de] (German/English)]

Literature

Sadomasochism is a perennial in the field of literature and has inspired several classics like "The story of O" by Anne Declos (under the pseudonym Pauline Réage), "Justine" by Marquis de Sade, "Venus in Furs" by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch or the comics created by Eric Stanton. A literary curiosity is Martha's letter to Leopold Bloom in "Ulysses" by James Joyce. The novel "Nine and a Half Weeks: A Memoir of a Love Affair" published in 1978 by Elizabeth McNeill was the basis of the Hollywood movie "9½ Weeks".

Well-known author Anne Rice published under the pseudonym "A. N. Roquelaure" three installments of her "Sleeping Beauty Trilogy" ("The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty", 1983), "Beauty's Punishment" (1984) and "Beauty's Release" (1985) with explicit BDSM themes. The development shows that today BDSM has reached the middle ground of international literature on a scale which would have been unbelievable just a short time ago.

A nine-volume book series published in July 2006 under the title "Bild-Erotik-Bibliothek" by Bild-Zeitung, Germany's leading Tabloid and the best-selling newspaper in Europe, in cooperation with Random House gives a clear indication of the commercial potential of the topic. Out of nine installments, three books had a well-defined emphasis on sadomasochism, specifically BDSM. Besides "Exit to Eden", also written by Anne Rice under the pseudonym "Anne Rampling", it also further featured the sadomasochist classic "Story of O." and the explicit novel "Topping from Below" by Laura Reese.

While it can not be denied that the authors of SM-literature, Sade and Sacher-Masoch, showed a propensity to the sexuality they described, it has to be differentiated between the real sexual activity and the fantasies described in literature. It would be an absurd demand of the literature's authenticity that the author have to practice what he is describing. Diary notes, interviews and the description of experience remain a fictionalization of the described events. While sadomasochistic rituals enacted as theatrical staging might show fetish characteristics, the fetish is not literature. BDSM literature also does not embrace a specific philosophy or morality, instead it represents it, as any other kind of literature aspects of the particular Zeitgeist of its era. [compare Arne Hoffmann: "In Leder gebunden. Der Sadomasochismus in der Weltliteratur", Ubooks 2007, ISBN 3866080786 (German)]

pecial books

In November 1981 Samois published "Coming to Power: Writing and graphics on Lesbian S/M", which reached a world-wide audience the following year when it was reprinted by Alyson Publications. The book combined short stories with basic explanations and safety tips about BDSM practices. It is considered the first introductory books on the subject world wide. Its concept was internationally adopted by many publications in the following decades.

Other than specialized books with strong emphasis on the practice there are a growing number of scientific publications.

* Jay Wiseman: "SM 101: A Realistic Introduction." Greenery Press (CA) 1998, ISBN 0-9639763-8-9 (Comprehensive reference book including topics like "BDSM as a lifstyle" and "BDSM during pregnancy")
* Philip Miller, Molly Devon: "Screw the Roses, Send Me the Thorns: The Romance and Sexual Sorcery of Sadomasochism", Mystic Rose Books, 1995. ISBN 0-9645960-0-8. (Showing plenty of graphics the comprehensive reference book gives advise on practices and safety advice)
* Dossie Easton, Janet W. Hardy: "The New Topping Book." Greenery Press (CA) 2002, ISBN 1-890159-36-0 (Practical and theoretical introduction for Tops with emphasis on psychological, practical and technological aspects and detailed advice on partner search)
* Dossie Easton, Janet W. Hardy: "The New Bottoming Book." Greenery Press (CA) 1998, ISBN 1-890159-35-2 (Practical and theoretical introduction for Bottoms with emphasis on psychological, practical and technological aspects and detailed advice on partner search)
* Pat Califia (Ed.), Robin Sweeney (Ed.):"The Second Coming: A Leatherdyke Reader.", Alyson Publications 1996, ISBN 1555832814 (Installment to the lesbian-feminist BDSM-classic "Coming to Power")
* Mark Thompson (Ed.): "Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice.", Alyson Publications 1991, ISBN 1555836305, (28 Essays of well known sadomasochistic authors and activists)
* Lady Green (Ed.), Jaymes Easton (Ed.): "Kinky Crafts: 101 Do-It-Yourself S/M Toys", Greenery Press (CA) 1998, ISBN 0-9639763-7-0 (Comprehensive Guide to do-it-yourself BDSM-toys)
* Peggy J. Kleinplatz, Charles Moser: "Sadomasochism - Powerful Pleasures", Haworth Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1-56023-640-5

Publishers

In the last decades publishing houses specializing in BDSM and LGBT fiction and nonfiction have been founded in many western countries. Some of the them are:

* Circlet Press
* Daedalus Publishing
* Greenery Press
* Nexus Books
* Silver Moon Books
* Alyson Publications

Movies and TV

While BDSM activity appeared initially quasi "subliminal" in some movies, in the 1960s famous works of literature like the Story of O and Venus in Furs were filmed, partly in very explicit form. Most recently, with the production of 9½ Weeks, the topic of BDSM was transferred to broader audiences with high impact and notable commercial success. Since the late 1990s movies like Preaching to the Perverted, a movie generally considered a reaction to Operation Spanner, and Secretary started to increasingly reconcile financial demands with authenticity.

With the development of documentary productions like , "Bound for Pleasure" and "Wir leben ... SM!" an increasingly broader approach to the subject matter is developing, targeting on wider audiences.

During the last four decades, the spectrum of productions has been greatly enlarged, showing the topic has arrived in mainstream movies:

* 1925: "A Woman of the World" (Based on "The Tattooed Countess" by Carl van Vechten.)
* 1966: "Belle de jour", by Louis Bunuel
* 1968: "La prisonnière", - H.G.Clouzot.
* 1974: "The Night Porter" ("Il portiere di notte")
* 1974: "Swept Away by an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August"
* 1975: "Story of O"
* 1976: "In the Realm of the Senses" ("Ai no corrida")
* 1976: "Maîtresse"
* 1976: "The Image"
* 1983: "A Woman in Flames"
* 1985: "The Perils of Gwendoline in the Land of the Yik-Yak"
* 1985: ""
* 1986: "9½ Weeks"
* 1987: "Personal Services "
* 1993: "Tokyo Decadence"
* 1994: "Exit to Eden"
* 1994: "Venus in Furs"
* 1996: "Fetishes"
* 1997: "Preaching to the Perverted"
* 1997: "" (Interviews with the dying BDSM performance artist Bob Flanagan)
* 1999: "Wildly Available"
* 2000: "Dirty Pictures" [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0217363/ IMDb] (The Movie is based on the Mapplethorpe-exhibition in Cincinnati)
* 2001: "The Piano Teacher"
* 2001: "Beyond Vanilla", [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0271395/ IMDb]
* 2002: "Secretary"
* 2002: "The Fashionistas", [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0341350/ IMDb]
* 2003: "Wir leben... SM!", [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0768246/ IMDb]
* 2004: ""
* 2005: "Ecstasy in Berlin 1926" by Maria Beatty
* 2006: "24/7 The Passion of Life", [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0450233 IMDb] [http://www.24-7derfilm.de Homepage (German)]
* 2006: "Psychopathia Sexualis", [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0419081 IMDb] [http://www.kino.com/psychopathia Homepage]
* 2006: "Hounded", [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0488903/ IMDb]
* 2006: "The Pet", [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0825728/ IMDb] [http://www.thepetmovie.com Homepage]

Besides these mainstream movies, there is a huge market of sadomasochistic Pornography, mainly in form of Pornographic films. [for further details see Linda Williams: "Power, Pleasure and Perversion: Sadomasochistic Film Pornography", Representations, Nr.27 (Summer), 1989, P.37-65, University of California Press] The Spanish director Jess Franco developed several typical examples of the Exploitation-genres' approach, often based on the works of the "Marquis de Sade" and censored in many countries worldwide.

In recent years, movies like "9½ Weeks", "Tokyo Decadence" and "Secretary" have been shown on television in several countries. In 2001 the Canadian documentary KinK was the first television series on the topic worldwide. It has yet not been broadcast in Europe. Other example of BDSM in television and film are:

* Lady Heather, a professional dominatrix who is a recurring character in ""
* Pearl, a dominatrix and hit woman for the Chinese mafia as played by Lucy Liu in the movie "Payback"
* In the "Love Hurts" episode of the TV series "House", Dr. House treats a patient who has a dominatrix.
* In the TV series "Desperate Housewives", the character Bree Van De Kamp's husband Rex had an illicit affair with a woman who was able to please him sexually as a dominatrix.
* Mistress DarkPain, a professional dominatrix who is a recurring character in "nip/tuck"

Marketing

Since the beginning of the 1990s, BDSM motives have been regularly used in the framework of larger Marketing campaigns in continental Europe. Widely known examples in Germany are billboards of the cigarette brands Camel and West, showing a camel dressed in "typical" leather outfit, respectively a dominatrix with a whip. While West had to withdraw the ad due to "offense against morality", BDSM motifs were utilized in the following years on a regular basis. [vgl. Roland Seim, Josef Spiegel (Hrsg.): "Ab 18" - zensiert, diskutiert, unterschlagen." Beispiele aus der Kulturgeschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Telos Verlag, Münster 2002, ISBN 393306001X, S.109 (German).] In March 2007 the Swedish clothing company H&M promoted the sale of a collection compiled by Madonna with television commercials in Germany. [compare Stern.de: "H&M: Mode made by Madonna", available under [http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/leute/:H&M-Mode-Madonna/578068.html stern.de] , 15.02.2007 (German) and Vogue.com: "Die gezähmte Madonna", available under [http://www.vogue.de/vogue/6/content/09614/index.php Vogue.com] (German)] The commercials showed the artist, who has been repeatedly criticized for the use of sadomasochistic subjects in the past, as a dominant lifestyle-ikon teaching a lesson to a "inappropriately" dressed female pupil under the cracking of a crop, redesigning her outfit while giving fashion statements like "Don't think it – you need to know it".

In Canada Mini presented the winter package 2005/2005 of the Mini-Cooper in form of an interactive BDSM-session, in which the user, supported by a dominatrix, can test different kinds of spanking tools on the automobile in order to get the optional equipment explained. [see [http://www.mini.ca/en/More_MINI/MINIfun/DominateWinter/default.aspx mini.ca] ] The claim was "Dominate winter".
German manufacturer of fasteners "Fischer" used a persiflage of the sadomasochistic sujet in a video spot in order to demonstrate its product's quality.In the USA, Anheuser-Busch was repeatedly active as a sponsor of the "Folsom Street Fair" and the jeans brand "Diesel" ran several sadomasochistic advertisements in fashion magazines. [Heather Cassell: "LGBT advocates offer mixed reaction to Miller, Coors merger", online under [http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ci=108&ch=business_finance&sc=corporate&sc2=news&sc3=&id=23823 EDGE Boston] ] The basic strategy in this field is to use a persiflage of widespread clichés, generating a higher level of public awareness by an adumbrate breaking of taboos while branding the image as unconventional and sharp.

Music

The Velvet Underground song "Venus in Furs" (from "The Velvet Underground and Nico") is based on a book by Masoch of the same title; the name of the band itself comes from a book about paraphilias (including BDSM) in the United States.Other Famous songs/bands with BDSM song are Green Day Blood Sex and Booze and Dominated Love Slave. Puddle of Mud Control, Nickelback "Figured You Out"

Podcasts

The possibilities of the Internet were promptly adopted in order to offer information services on BDSM. Since mid 2005 there is are a growing number of podcasts dealing with the topic of BDSM. The increasing grow of video platforms like YouTube set the technological base for a still growing number of self produced information clips on video dealing with the subject.
* [http://www.podiobooks.com/title/sm-diary "Diary of an S and M Romance"] (Podcast audiobook of Dollie Llama and ThornDaddy's book "Diary of an S&M Romance")
* [http://www.kinkymedia.com/kinkycast/ "KinkyCast"] (Information, interviews and stories on BDSM and fetish)
* [http://www.graydancer.com/ropeweekly/ "Rope Weekly"] (Information on Shibari)
* [http://www.theroom.ca/ "The Room"] (A couple on BDSM and their relationship)
* [http://www.askdollie.com "Submission and Coffee with Dollie Llama"] (24/7 D/s couple podcast)
* [http://subophelia.podomatic.com/ "Submissive Ophelia podcast"] (Lifestyle/pro submissive woman married in a 24/7 relationship)

Magazines

During the last decades a wide variety of periodical publication were published dealing with BDSM. Besides small independent publishing companies, organized groups were active in this field. Many have stopped publishing or transferred operations to the Internet.

The German language "Schlagzeilen" magazine started in 1988 as a group's internal newspaper and is the most important BDSM publication in German speaking countries today.

References