Lamedh

Lamed or Lamedh is the twelfth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew Lamed Ivrit|ל and Arabic alphabet ArabDIN|Lām _ar. ل. Its sound value is IPA2|l.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Lambda (Λ), Latin L, and Cyrillic El (Л).

Origins

Lamedh is believed to have come from a pictogram of an ox goad or cattle prod. Some have suggested a shepherd's staff.

Hebrew Lamed

Pronunciation

Lamed represents an alveolar lateral approximant (IPA|/l/).

ignificance

Lamed in gematria represents the number 30.

With the letter Vav it refers to the Lamedvavniks, the 36 righteous people who save the world from destruction.

As an abbreviation, it can stand for litre. Also, a sign on a car with a Lamed on it means that the driver is a student of driving (the Lamed stands for "lomed", learner).

As a prefix, it can have two purposes:
* It can be attached to verb roots, designating the infinitive ("Daber" means "speak", "Ledaber" means to speak).
* It can also act as a preposition meaning "to" or "for".

Arabic lām

The letter is named "lām", and is written is several ways depending in its position in the word:

Lām is used as a prefix in two different ways. Lām-kasra (لـِ, IPA|/li/) is essentially a preposition meaning "to" or "for", as in لِوالدي "liwālidī", "for my father". In this usage, it has become concatenated with other words to form new constructions often treated as independent words: for instance, لِماذا "limāḏā", meaning "why?", is derived from لـِ li and ماذا "māḏā", meaning "what?" thus getting "for what?". This construction is virtually, semantically identical with that which is in most Romance languages, e.g. French "pourquoi", Spanish "por qué", and Italian "perché" (though "ché" is an archaism and not in current use).

The other construction, lām-fatḥa (لَـ IPA|/la/) is used as an emphatic particle in very formal Arabic.