Chamaecyparis taiwanensis

Chamaecyparis taiwanensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Pinales
Family:	Cupressaceae
Genus:	Chamaecyparis
Species:	C. taiwanensis
Binomial name
Chamaecyparis taiwanensis Masam. & Suzuki
Synonyms
Chamaecyparis obtusa f. formosana Hayata Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana (Hayata) Hayata Cupressus obtusa subsp. formosana (Hayata) Silba Retinispora taiwanensis (Masam. & Suzuki) A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan

Chamaecyparis taiwanensis (Taiwan Cypress; simplified Chinese: 台湾扁柏; traditional Chinese: 臺灣扁柏; pinyin: tái wān biǎn bǎi) is a species of cypress, native to the mountains of Taiwan, where it grows at altitudes of 1300–2800 m.^[1][2]

Description

It is a slow-growing coniferous tree growing to 40 m tall with a trunk up to 2 m in diameter. The bark is red-brown, vertically fissured and with a stringy texture. The foliage is arranged in flat sprays; adult leaves are scale-like, 0.8–1.5 mm long, with acute tips (unlike the blunt tips of the leaves of the closely related Japanese Chamaecyparis obtusa (Hinoki Cypress), green above, green below with a white stomatal band at the base of each scale-leaf; they are arranged in opposite decussate pairs on the shoots. The juvenile leaves, found on young seedlings, are needle-like, 4–8 mm long. The cones are globose, smaller than those of C. obtusa, 7–9 mm diameter, with 6–10 scales arranged in opposite pairs, maturing in autumn about 7–8 months after pollination.^[1]

Taxonomy

It is most commonly treated as a variety of Chamaecyparis obtusa in European and American texts,^[1] but more often accepted as a distinct species by Taiwanese botanists.^[3][4] The two taxa differ in ecological requirements, with C. obtusa growing primarily on drier ridgetop sites, while C. taiwanensis occurs on moist soils and with higher rainfall and air humidity.^[1]

Related species

A related cypress also found on Taiwan, Chamaecyparis formosensis (Formosan Cypress), differs in leaves which are green below as well as above without a conspicuous white stomatal band, and longer, slenderer ovoid cones 6–10 mm long with 10–16 scales.^[1][2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4
2. ^ ^{a b} Rushforth, K. (1987). Conifers. Helm ISBN 0-7470-2801-X.
3. ^ Hwang, S.-Y., Lin, H.-W., Kuo, Y. S., & Lin, T. P. (2001). RAPD variation in relation to population differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica 42: 173-179
4. ^ Hwang, L.-H., Hwang, S.-Y., & Lin, T.-P. (2000). Low Chloroplast DNA Variation and Population Differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. Taiwan J. Forest Sci. Available online