Fall Creek Falls State Park

Infobox park
park=Fall Creek Falls State Park


image size=200px
caption=
type=Tennessee State Park
location=Pikeville, Tennessee
coordinates=
size=convert|20000|acre|km2
opened=1935
operator=Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
annual visitors=
status=open year round

Fall Creek Falls State Resort Park is a state park in Middle Tennessee, located between Pikeville and Spencer. The convert|20000|acre|km2|sing=on park spans the boundary between Van Buren and Bledsoe counties.

The park is centered around the upper Cane Creek Gorge, an area known for its unique geological formations and scenic waterfalls. The park's namesake is the convert|256|ft|m|sing=on Fall Creek Falls, the highest plunge waterfall east of the Mississippi River (the highest vertical drop east of the Mississippi is the convert|1200|ft|m|sing=on Crabtree Falls in Virginia). [" [http://www.nelsoncounty.com/visit/crabtreefalls Visit Nelson County: Crabtree Falls] ." Retrieved: 27 March 2008.]

Geographical setting

The Cane Creek Gorge presents as a large gash in the western edge of the Cumberland Plateau, stretching for some convert|15|mi|km from the Cane Creek Cascades to Cane Creek's mouth along the Caney Fork River. Cane Creek rises atop Little Mountain— which lines the plateau's eastern edge above Sequatchie Valley— and winds northward across the plateau.

Just beyond its source, Cane Creek slowly gains strength as it absorbs Meadow Creek and several smaller streams. As the creek enters the gorge, it drops several hundred feet in less than a mile, including convert|45|ft|m over Cane Creek Cascades and convert|85|ft|m over Cane Creek Falls. A few hundred meters north of Cane Creek Falls, Rockhouse Creek spills convert|125|ft|m over a plunge waterfall into the same plungepool. Over the next half-mile, Cane Creek absorbs Fall Creek and Piney Creek, both of which enter from smaller gorges to the immediate west. During this stretch, part of the creek disappears underground into limestone sinks, and reemerges at a spring known as "Crusher Hole." [Stuart Carroll, " [http://www.state.tn.us/environment/tn_consv/archive/FallCreekFallsdiversity.pdf Fall Creek Falls State Park Natural Diversity] ," 24 August 2004. Retrieved: 8 January 2008.] Cane Creek continues to lose elevation before steadying near its confluence with Dry Fork. Beyond Dry Fork, the creek gradually descends to the Highland Rim, where it empties into the Caney Fork.

The man-made Fall Creek Falls Lake, controlled by a dam, assures continuing flow of water to Fall Creek Falls. The lake dominates the park's southern section.

Geographical features

Waterfalls

*Fall Creek Falls, a convert|256|ft|m|sing=on plunge waterfall located just west of the creek's confluence with Cane Creek. A short trail leads from the parking lot atop the plateau down to the base of the gorge, giving access to the waterfall's plungepool.

*Cane Creek Falls, an convert|85|ft|m|sing=on plunge waterfall located along Cane Creek, above the creek's confluence with Rockhouse Creek and Fall Creek. The waterfall is visible from the Gorge Trail and from the base of the Cane Creek Gorge, which can be accessed via the Cable Trail.

*Cane Creek Cascades, a convert|45|ft|m|sing=on cascade located along Cane Creek, just above Cane Creek Falls.

*Rockhouse Falls, a convert|125|ft|m|sing=on plunge waterfall that marks Rockhouse Creek's confluence with Cane Creek. The waterfall, which shares a plungepool with Cane Creek Falls, is visible from the Gorge Trail and from the base of the Cane Creek Gorge.

*Piney Creek Falls (or simply Piney Falls), a convert|95|ft|m|sing=on waterfall located along Piney Creek, a mile or so above its confluence with Cane Creek. Trails lead to the base of the falls and an overlook above the falls.

*Coon Creek Falls, a convert|250|ft|m|sing=on plunge waterfall that drops into the Fall Creek Gorge, nearly adjacent Fall Creek Falls. Its proximity to Fall Creek Falls renders it less conspicuous.

Overlooks

*Cane Creek Overlook, located just off the Gorge Trail, looks out over Cane Creek Falls and Rockhouse Falls.

*Cane Creek Gorge Overlook, located just off the Gorge Trail, looks northward across the Cane Creek Gorge.

*Rocky Point Overlook, located just off the Gorge Trail on an exposed cliff, looks northward across the Cane Creek Gorge.

*Millikan's Overlook, located just off the road in the Piney Creek section of the park, looks northward across the Cane Creek Gorge, near the confluence of Piney Creek and Cane Creek.

*Buzzard's Roost, a cliff located near Millikan's Overlook.

*An overlook adjacent to the Fall Creek Falls parking lot looks down into the Fall Creek Gorge.

Along with waterfalls and overlooks, Fall Creek Falls State Park is home to a number of caves, the most prominent of which is Rumbling Falls Cave, which has the second largest cave chamber in the United States. [Camas Davis, " [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/0203/q_n_a.html Exposing Tennessee's Titanic Cave Chamber] ." "National Geographic Adventure" (March 2002). Retrieved: 2 September 2008.] [The Tennessee Environmental Council, " [http://www.tectn.org/pdf/TEC_News_Vol32.pdf Saving the Rumbling Falls Cave System] ." "Protect" vol. 32, no. 1 (Spring 2002), 1, 6.] The cave is located in the park's Dry Fork section, near Spencer.

History

The plateau areas above the Cane Creek Gorge are characterized by poor soil and weak resource potential, both exacerbated by the area's limited accessibility (by the 1920s, no major railroads and one crude highway passed between Pikeville and Spencer). In the early 1900s, this section of Van Buren County still had only a handful of farms and no major coal mining or logging operations. Local historian Arthur Weir Crouch, referring to Fall Creek Falls, wrote, "In the beginning and for many years it was a true wilderness area." [Arthur Crouch, "The Caney Fork of the Cumberland: The Story of a River, Its History, Features, Moods, People and Places with Particular Reference to Rock Island and the Area Above Great Falls" (Nashville, Tenn.: Crouch, 1973), 81.]

The few residents who lived in the Cane Creek area were often at the mercy of the creek, which, like most of the Upper Caney Fork watershed, was prone to flash flooding. The Good Friday Flood of 1929, the most devastating of these floods, caused the Caney Fork and its tributaries to swell to record volumes and wiped out dozens of mills, houses, and bridges. Lawson Fisher, who operated a grist mill at the head of Cane Creek Falls at the time of the flood, recalled being awakened that night by the roar of the creek's rising waters. Racing into the mill to save the mill's account books, Fisher later testified:

I had taken perhaps four or five steps when I felt that old mill building quiver. I turned and ran for the door and stepped out on solid ground, and then turned around to see what was going to happen, but folks, it had already happened. The mill wasn't there. I could just see pieces of planking and timbers going over the falls and rushing on down into the valley of Cane Creek below. [Crouch, "The Caney Fork of the Cumberland", 17.]

Another resident recalled waking up to a cabin floor covered with several inches of water, and spending the night in the cabin loft watching helplessly as the water continued to rise. [Crouch, "The Caney Fork of the Cumberland", 17-18.] Several smaller farms in the lower part of the valley were completely destroyed. The Cane Creek Mill, which had stood above the falls since 1831, was never rebuilt. [Crouch, "The Caney Fork of the Cumberland", 40.]

The state park

In 1935, the U.S. government began purchasing the badly eroded land around Fall Creek Falls. The following year, the Works Project Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps began the work of restoring the forest and constructing park facilities. The National Park Service transferred ownership of the park to the State of Tennessee in 1944. [Ruth Nichols, " [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=F003 Fall Creek Falls State Park] ." "The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture", 2002. Retrieved: 7 January 2008.] [Crouch, "The Caney Fork of the Cumberland", 81.]

Millikan's Overlook is named after Dr. Glenn Q. Millikan, a scientist who fell to his death on May 25, 1947, while rock climbing on the cliff beneath the overlook. [Park information sign at Millikan's Overlook.]

Artist Gilbert Gaul (1855-1919), who gained national acclaim for his Civil War illustrations, operated from a studio south of Spencer on land currently owned by the park. [Teresa Biddle-Douglass, " [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=G005 William Gilbert Gaul] ." "The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture", 2002. Retrieved: 8 January 2008.]

Fall Creek Falls State Park was used as one of the primary filming locations for the Disney live action movie "The Jungle Book". [ [http://www.state.tn.us/film/PDF/filmography2005.pdf Tennessee Film/Videography] , page 7, Tennessee Film and Music Commission] Scenes from the 1986 movie "King Kong Lives," starring Linda Hamilton, were filmed in the area of Cane Creek Cascades and Cane Creek Falls. [ [http://www.state.tn.us/film/PDF/filmography2005.pdf Tennessee Film/Videography] , page 10, Tennessee Film and Music Commission.] Part of the 1995 20th Century Fox film was shot here.

In 2006, the State of Tennessee purchased convert|12500|acre|km2 of land along the White-Van Buren County line, in the vicinity of Bledsoe State Forest. The purchase is part of an effort to create an unbroken corridor of publicly-owned land between Fall Creek Falls State Park and Scott's Gulf, a few miles to the north in White County. [The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, " [http://www.state.tn.us/environment/news/release/2006/Nov/bowater.shtml Bredesen Announces Purchase of More than 12,500 Acres from Bowater Incorporated] ." 27 November 2006. Retrieved: 8 January 2008.]

Fall Creek Falls State Park today

Fall Creek Falls State Park is open year-round and is managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation.

Park facilities include an inn and conference center, restaurant, cabins, and three campgrounds, each with bathhouses, offering a total of 228 camping sites. An 18-hole golf course, Olympic-sized swimming pool, and several miles of hiking trails and paved biking trails are available in the park.

References

External links

* [http://www.state.tn.us/environment/parks/FallCreekFalls/ Fall Creek Falls State Park official website]
* [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=F003 Fall Creek Falls] in "Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture"
*dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Tennessee/Counties/Bledsoe/Travel_and_Tourism/Fall_Creek_Falls_State_Park
* [http://www.darklightimagery.net/RFC/thumbs.html Rumbling Falls — Into the Void] — image gallery of Rumbling Falls Cave