ATP synthase gamma subunit

Pfam_box
Symbol = ATP-synt
Name = ATP synthase


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Pfam= PF00231
InterPro= IPR000131
SMART=
PROSITE = PDOC00138
SCOP = 1bmf
TCDB =
OPM family=
OPM protein=
PDB=PDB3|1fs0G:19-248 PDB3|1w0kG:26-297 PDB3|1h8eG:26-297PDB3|1cowG:26-297 PDB3|1e1qG:26-297 PDB3|1w0jG:26-297PDB3|1h8hG:26-297 PDB3|1bmfG:26-297 PDB3|1e1rG:26-297PDB3|1efrG:26-297 PDB3|1nbmG:26-297

Gamma subunit of ATP synthase F1 complex forms the central shaft that connects the F0 rotary motor to the F1 catalytic core.

F-ATP synthases (also known as F1F0-ATPase, or H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) (EC number|3.6.3.14) are composed of two linked complexes: the F1 ATPase complex is the catalytic core and is composed of 5 subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon), while the F0 ATPase complex is the membrane-embedded proton channel that is composed of at least 3 subunits (A-C), nine in mitochondria (A-G, F6, F8).

Both the F1 and F0 complexes are rotary motors that are coupled back-to-back. In the F1 complex, the central gamma subunit forms the rotor inside the cylinder made of the alpha(3)beta(3) subunits, while in the F0 complex, the ring-shaped C subunits forms the rotor. The two rotors rotate in opposite directions, but the F0 rotor is usually stronger, using the force from the proton gradient to push the F1 rotor in reverse in order to drive ATP synthesiscite journal |author=Itoh H, Yoshida M, Yasuda R, Noji H, Kinosita K |title=Resolution of distinct rotational substeps by submillisecond kinetic analysis of F1-ATPase |journal=Nature |volume=410
issue=6831 |pages=898–904 |year=2001 |pmid=11309608 |doi=10.1038/35073513] . These ATPases can also work in reverse to hydrolyse ATP to create a proton gradient.

The ATPase F1 complex gamma subunit forms the central shaft that connects the F0 rotary motor to the F1 catalytic core. The gamma subunit functions as a rotary motor inside the cylinder formed by the alpha(3)beta(3) subunits in the F1 complexcite journal |author=Junge W, Feniouk BA |title=Regulation of the F0F1-ATP synthase: the conformation of subunit epsilon might be determined by directionality of subunit gamma rotation |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=579 |issue=23 |pages=5114–5118 |year=2005 |pmid=16154570 |doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2005.08.030] . The best-conserved region of the gamma subunit is its C-terminus, which seems to be essential for assembly and catalysis.

Human gamma subunit of ATP synthase is ATP5C1.

References