Spider toxin

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Symbol = Toxin_9
Name = Spider toxin


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caption =
Pfam= PF02819
InterPro= IPR004169
SMART=
Prosite =
SCOP = 1oav
TCDB =
OPM family= 120
OPM protein= 1agg
PDB=PDB3|1iva :4-48 PDB3|1oaw :4-48 PDB3|1oav :4-48PDB3|1agg :39-83 PDB3|1omb :39-73 PDB3|1oma :39-83

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Symbol = Atracotoxin
Name = Delta Atracotoxin


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Pfam= PF05353
InterPro= IPR008017
SMART=
Prosite =
SCOP = 1qdp
TCDB =
OPM family=
OPM protein= 1vtx
PDB=PDB3|1vtx :1-42 PDB3|1qdp :1-42

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Symbol = SPIDER_CSTX
Name = Spider toxin CSTX family


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Pfam=
InterPro= IPR011142
SMART=
PROSITE = PDOC60029
SCOP =
TCDB =
OPM family=
OPM protein=
PDB=

Pfam_box
Symbol = Toxin_12
Name = Spider potassium channel inhibitory toxin


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Pfam= PF07740
InterPro= IPR011696
SMART=
Prosite =
SCOP = 1d1h
TCDB =
OPM family=
OPM protein= 1qk6
PDB=PDB3|1qk6A:49-79 PDB3|1nixA:1-31 PDB3|1mb6A:53-85PDB3|1rygA:1-33 PDB3|1niyA:1-33 PDB3|1ryvA:1-33PDB3|1emxA:2-28 PDB3|1qk7A:50-77 PDB3|1tykA:47-78PDB3|1d1hA:1-30 PDB3|1la4A:1-30 PDB3|1kozA:1-32

Spider neurotoxins are a family of proteins that usually work as calcium ion channel inhibitors.

A remotely related group of atratoxins operate by opening sodium channels. Delta atracotoxin produces potentially fatal neurotoxic symptoms in primates by slowing the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channelscite journal |author=Mackay JP, King GF, Fletcher JI, Chapman BE, Howden ME |title=The structure of versutoxin (delta-atracotoxin-Hv1) provides insights into the binding of site 3 neurotoxins to the voltage-gated sodium channel |journal=Structure |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=1525–1535 |year=1997 |pmid=9384567 |doi=10.1016/S0969-2126(97)00301-8] . The structure of atracotoxin comprises a core beta region containing a triple-stranded a thumb-like extension protruding from the beta region and a C-terminal helix. The beta region contains a cystine knot motif, a feature seen in other neurotoxic polypeptides and other spider toxins, of the CSTX family.

Spider potassium channel inhibitory toxins is another group of spider toxins. A representative of this group is hanatoxin. That is a 35 amino acid peptide toxin which was isolated from Chilean tarantula ("Grammostola spatulata") venom. It inhibits the drk1 voltage-gated potassium channel not by blocking the pore, but by altering the energetics of gatingcite journal |author=Shimada I, Sato K, Takahashi H, Kim JI, Min HJ, Swartz KJ |title=Solution structure of hanatoxin1, a gating modifier of voltage-dependent K(+) channels: common surface features of gating modifier toxins |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=771–780 |year=2000 |pmid=10731427 |doi=10.1006/jmbi.2000.3609] . See also Huwentoxin-1 InterPro|IPR013140.

References

Further reading

*Three-dimensional solution structure of the calcium channel antagonist omega-agatoxin IVA: consensus molecular folding of calcium channel blockers. Kim JI, Konishi S, Iwai H, Kohno T, Gouda H, Shimada I, Sato K, Arata Y; J Mol Biol 1995;250:659-671. PMID|7623383