Edward Kennedy (journalist)

Edward Kennedy (c. 1905 - November 24, 1963) was a journalist best known for being the first to report the German surrender at the end of World War II to Allied nations, getting the word out before an official announcement from Allied headquarters. This angered Allied commanders, who had imposed a news embargo until the official surrender announcement; the Associated Press fired Kennedy after this. [ [http://www.ap.org/pages/about/history/history_second.html History/Archives, The Associated Press] ]

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The documents for Germany's surrender in World War II were signed on May 7, 1945, at 2:41 a.m. local time at General Dwight D. Eisenhower's headquarters in Reims, France. Eisenhower embargoed the news until an official announcement was made. Edward Kennedy, as the AP's Paris bureau chief, had been among a group of reporters hastily assembled aboard a C-47 aircraft, and only told they were to cover the official signing once aloft.cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,852243-1,00.html |title=The Army's Guests |date=May 21 1945 |publisher=TIME magazine | accessdate=2007-12-21] Once back in Paris, however, Kennedy made attempts to warn SHAEF personnel of his intent, but none of his fellow reporters. Despite wartime censorship, he phoned the AP bureau in London and reported the surrender. The story moved on the AP wire at 9:36 a.m. EST, mid-afternoon in France.Fact|date=December 2007

The official announcements of the surrender varied from German foreign minister Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk early May 7, to Winston Churchill on May 8, and Joseph Stalin on May 9 (accounting for the Soviet Victory Day). The formal cessation of hostilities was at 23:01 hours on May 8. [cite news |first=Barry |last=James |title= A Grand Message, and the Messenger Who Sparked an Uproar |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/1995/05/10/hist.php |publisher=The International Herald Tribune |date=1995-05-10 |accessdate=2007-12-21 ]

Aftermath

Kennedy believed previous embargoes that he had respected were related to military security, but this one was simply political, because the Soviets were insisting on a formal signing ceremony in Berlin and the Allies had agreed to wait until that took place. Meanwhile, men were still fighting and dying. Opinion on Kennedy's scoop was divided; supporters pointed to the freedom of the press, but the AP eventually apologized. SHAEF disaccredited Kennedy and he returned to New York. The AP initially kept Kennedy on the payroll, but gave him no work to do, before firing him in November. [cite news |title= Case Closed |http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,777072,00.html |publisher=TIME magazine |date=1946-08-05 |accessdate=2007-12-21 ] The following summer, the military acknowledged that the German broadcast, made under Allied orders, was almost two hours before Kennedy's dispatch. [cite news |title= Case Closed |http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,777072,00.html |publisher=TIME magazine |date=1946-08-05 |accessdate=2007-12-21 ]

Kennedy's story was accurate, but he had violated the military's embargo. Both the military and other reporters were angry with him. Two days after "The New York Times" ran his story as the lead item, "The Times" wrote an editorial saying, Kennedy had committed a "grave disservice to the newspaper profession." [Cite news | title = Reporters at War | author = Browne, Malcolm W. | date = August 27, 1995 | work = The New York Times | accessdate = 2007-12-21 ] According to "Time", the incident gave the press a black eye and "strengthened the censor's hand".

In 1948, in the August issue of The Atlantic Monthly, Kennedy published a personal essay about the embargo event entitled "I'd Do It Again."

Later life

After the war Kennedy became the managing editor of the "Santa Barbara News-Press", [cite news |title= After the Battle |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853500-1,00.html |publisher=The International Herald Tribune |date=1948-11-22 |accessdate=2007-12-21 ] and three years later in 1949 he was hired by "The Monterey Peninsula Herald" as the associate editor. Kennedy was struck by a car on November 24, 1963, and died five days later at the age of 58.cite news |title= Edward Kennedy, 58, Reporter Who Flashed '45 Surrender, Dies |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E1FF73A541A7B93C2AA178AD95F478685F9 |publisher=Associated Press via The New York Times |date=1963-11-30 |accessdate=2007-12-21 ]

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