DKK3

Dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)
Identifiers
Symbols	DKK3; REIC; RIG
External IDs	OMIM: 605416 MGI: 1354952 HomoloGene: 8303 GeneCards: DKK3 Gene
Gene Ontology Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process • multicellular organismal development • anatomical structure morphogenesis • adrenal gland development • negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	27122	50781
Ensembl	ENSG00000050165	ENSMUSG00000030772
UniProt	Q9UBP4	Q9QUN9
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001018057.1	NM_015814.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001018067.1	NP_056629.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 11.98 – 12.03 Mb	Chr 7: 119.26 – 119.3 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DKK3 gene.^[1][2]

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.^[2]

References

1. ^ Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA (Dec 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=27122. 

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474. 
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, et al. (1997). "Large-Scale Concatenation cDNA Sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139146. 
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
• Tsuji T, Miyazaki M, Sakaguchi M, et al. (2000). "A REIC gene shows down-regulation in human immortalized cells and human tumor-derived cell lines". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268 (1): 20–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2067. PMID 10652205. 
• Kobayashi K, Ouchida M, Tsuji T, et al. (2002). "Reduced expression of the REIC/Dkk-3 gene by promoter-hypermethylation in human tumor cells". Gene 282 (1–2): 151–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00838-1. PMID 11814687. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Mao B, Niehrs C (2003). "Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling". Gene 302 (1–2): 179–83. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X. PMID 12527209. 
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=403697. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• Kurose K, Sakaguchi M, Nasu Y, et al. (2004). "Decreased expression of REIC/Dkk-3 in human renal clear cell carcinoma". J. Urol. 171 (3): 1314–8. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000101047.64379.d4. PMID 14767340. 
• Hoang BH, Kubo T, Healey JH, et al. (2004). "Dickkopf 3 inhibits invasion and motility of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by modulating the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway". Cancer Res. 64 (8): 2734–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1952. PMID 15087387. 
• Roman-Gomez J, Jimenez-Velasco A, Agirre X, et al. (2004). "Transcriptional silencing of the Dickkopfs-3 (Dkk-3) gene by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia". Br. J. Cancer 91 (4): 707–13. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602008. PMC 2364778. PMID 15226763. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2364778. 
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (2005). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites". Protein Sci. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2286551. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Hsieh SY, Hsieh PS, Chiu CT, Chen WY (2005). "Dickkopf-3/REIC functions as a suppressor gene of tumor growth". Oncogene 23 (57): 9183–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208138. PMID 15516983. 
• Ftouh S, Akbar MT, Hirsch SR, de Belleroche JS (2005). "Down-regulation of Dickkopf 3, a regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, in elderly schizophrenic subjects". J. Neurochem. 94 (2): 520–30. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03239.x. PMID 15998302. 
• Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F, et al. (2006). "Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma". Oncogene 25 (36): 5027–36. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209508. PMID 16568085. 
• Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, et al. (2006). "Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection". Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (7 Pt 1): 2109–16. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2468. PMID 16609023. 
• Veeck J, Bektas N, Hartmann A, et al. (2008). "Wnt signalling in human breast cancer: expression of the putative Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is frequently suppressed by promoter hypermethylation in mammary tumours". Breast. Cancer Res. 10 (R82): R82. doi:10.1186/bcr2151. PMC 2614517. PMID 18826564. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2614517. 
• Veeck J, Wild PJ, Fuchs T, et al. (2009). "Prognostic relevance of Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1) and Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) promoter methylation in human breast cancer". BMC Cancer 9: 217. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-217. PMC 2717119. PMID 19570204. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2717119.