Architecture of Kuala Lumpur

The architecture of Kuala Lumpur is a blend of old colonial influences, Asian traditions, Malay Islamic inspirations, modern and post modern mix. Being a relatively young city, most of Kuala Lumpur's colonial buildings were built toward the end of 19th and early 20th century. These buildings have Moorish, Tudor, Neo-Gothic or Grecian-Spanish style or architecture. Most of the styling have been modified to cater to use local resources and the acclimatized to the local climate, which is hot and humid all year around.

Independence coupled with the rapid economic growth from the 70's to the 90's, allows buildings with more local and Islamic motif arise in the middle of the city. Many of these buildings derive their design from traditional Malay items such as the head dress and the keris. Some of these buildings have Islamic geometric motifs integrated with the designs of the building.

Late Modernist and Post Modernist style architecture began to be seen in the late 90's and early 2000s. Buildings with all glass shell appears around the city, with the most prominent example being the Petronas Twin Towers. As a developing city in a developing nation, the city skyline is expected to change in decades to come with construction works like The Gardens, The Pavilion, Four Seasons Place, Lot C of KLCC and many more.

Neo Moorish (Mughal)

Building with Neo Moorish or Mughal architecture are build at the turn of the century built mostly by the colonial power Great Britain. While most of the buildings with such architecture are in Dataran Merdeka, there are some in Chinatown such as the Jamek Mosque and in Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, such as the KTM railway station and the KTM Administration Office. Famous building with this kind of architecture includes Sultan Abdul Samad Building, the Court of Appeals and the old Kuala Lumpur High Court. All the building mention before are within the Dataran Merdeka area. Other buildings with Moorish architecture are Bandaraya Theatre, InfoKraft (Textile Museum), Kuala Lumpur Memorial Library, National History Museum and the old Sessions & Magistrates Courts before it was moved to Jalan Duta.

Tudor & Victorian

There are many buildings built by the colonist at the turn of the 20th century that spots Victorian and Tudor influence in their designs. The building are modified to acclimatized with the tropical environment of Malaysia, which is hot and humid with many days of monsoon rain.

Tudor styled architecture is the feature of two sporting clubs situated in Dataran Merdeka, the Royal Selangor Club and the Selangor Chinese Club. The buildings were built in 1910 and 1929 respectively. The architectural style, which features large exposed wooden beams in half-timbered walls, was the typical model for some of the earliest social club buildings in the country [ [http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/British/britishcolonial1.htm The Architectural Style of the British Colonial in Malaysia] ] .

Neo-Gothic architecture exists in religious building built by the colonial powers such as the St. Mary's Cathedral, St Andrew’s Presbyterian Church , Church of the Holy Rosary and St. John's Church which is converted into Bukit Nanas Community Center. However, some residence such as Carcosa Seri Negara, which was build in 1897 for Frank Swettenham also feature this style of architecture.

Victorian architecture is also a popular choice for the colonial powers to build school which such examples like Victoria Institution, Methodist Boys’ School and Convent Bukit Nanas. Other examples of building with this kind of architecture include the Central Market, National Art Gallery, Malaysia Tourism Center, Industrial Court Building, The Mansem ,PAM Center (housing the Malaysian Institute of Architects) and Coliseum Theater.

Grecian-Spanish

Prior to the Second World War, many shophouses, usually two story with functional shops on the ground floor and separate residential spaces upstairs, were built around the old city center. These shop-houses drew inspiration from Straits Chinese and European traditions. [Gurstien, P (1985) Malaysia Architecture Heritage Survey – A Handbook, Malaysia Heritage Trust. Page 65] [ [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:aWN72AqmqwsJ:www.efka.utm.my/thesis/images/4MASTER/2005/2JSB-P/Part1/MUKRAMMA031077A05TT2.doc+pre+war+shophouses+in+kuala+lumpur&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1 Google cache of 'HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN MALAYSIA'] ] Some of these shop-houses have made way for new developments but there are still many standing today around Medan Pasar (Old Market Square), Chinatown, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Doraisamy, Bukit Bintang and Tengkat Tong Shin areas.St. John’s Institution in Bukit Nanas is famous of its imposing white and red brick building with emphasis on Grecian-Spanish style of architecture. The Telecom Museum, which was built in 1928 also sports the influence.

Malay

Kuala Lumpur today has many iconic modern buildings which drew inspiration from every day traditional Malay items. The buildings were constructed in the 1980s and 1990s. An example of this style of architecture is the LUTH (Pilgrims Fund Board) building which is derived from the form of a Malay drum, Telekom Tower which resembling a slanted cut of a bamboo trunk and Maybank Tower, which design inspired by the steath of the keris, the Malay traditional dagger. The buildings were designed by the same architect, Hijjas Kasturi. Istana Budaya is another example of this type of architecture, in which the building is designed based on a minangkabau head dress. The National Library which is situated besides Istana Budaya also is inspired by the Malay Head Dress.

Islamic

With Islam being the official religion of Malaysia since independence, there are may Islamic architecture featured buildings that resides in Kuala Lumpur. Buildings like the Dayabumi Complex, and Islamic Center have Islamic geometric motifs on their structure, signifying Islamic restriction on drawing nature. Some buildings such as the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia and National Planetarium have been built to masquerade itself as a place of worship, complete with dome and minaret, when in fact is a place of science and knowledge. Naturally, Islamic motif are evident in religious structure such as Masjid Wilayah and Masjid Negara. Religious places will have more Arabic calligraphy drawn on the columns and other places on the structure.

Late Modernism & Post-Modern

Kuala Lumpur’s central business district today has shifted around the Kuala Lumpur City Center (KLCC) where many new and tall buildings with Late Modernism and Postmodern architecture fill the skyline. The 452 meter Petronas Twin Towers, designed by César Pelli, when seen from above, resembles the Islamic geometric motifs. While looking from street level, the all-glass shell of the building gives a post-modern take on the more traditional motif. [ [http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pub_megaurb.htm Mega-Urbanization in Southeast Asia] ] The Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, next door to the towers follows the same theme. The convention center will have the shape of an eagle if viewed from above, while the all-glass shell of the building gives a more post-modern look.

Current Developments

As a developing city and a part of a developing nation, there are many construction projects that are currently being built that will change the city's skyline in the near future. Some of the construction project are The Pavilion [ [http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=497286 Pavilion KL Development News] ] , The Gardens [ [http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=425225 Mid Valley City | U/C] ] , Oval Suites [ [http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=363274 Twin 41 storeys - OVAL Suites] ] , Four Seasons Center [ [http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=260785 Four Seasons Centre] ] and Lot C of KLCC [ [http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=260791&page=2 KLCC Lot C] ] . A lot of the new development has come at the cost of old existing structures. The destruction of the heritage has created controversy, such as the recent destruction of the colonial-era mansion Bok House on Jalan Ampang in 2006 to make way for a 60-story office tower [ [http://www.nst.com.my/Weekly/PropertyTimes/News/Focus/20060710122448/Article/ The battle for survival] ]

kyline

References